کاربرد کاتدولومینسانس، ایزوتوپ‌های پایدار و سیالات درگیر برای شناسایی و تفسیر انواع دولومیت‌های سازند پادها واقع در بلوک طبس، ایران مرکزی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

برای شناسایی و جدایی انواع دولومیت­های سازند پادها در شمال و جنوب بلوک طبس، سه برش چینه­شناسی که دارای بیشترین مقدار دولومیت هستند، انتخاب و نمونه­برداری شدند. بررسی­های سنگ­نگاری و ژئوشیمیایی سبب شناسایی سه نوع دولومیت اولیه­ی (PD)، جانشینی (RD) و رگه و حفره پرکن (VD) شده است. دولومیت­های PD ریز بلور، بی­شکل، دارای بافت روزنه­دار و دارای ساخت­هایی همچون لامیناسیون موازی، ترک­های گلی و ساخت­های استرماتولیتی و تی پی بوده و بعلاوه از لومینسانس تیره یا سرخ تیره برخوردارند. دولومیت­هایRD بیشتر به صورت جانشین در زمینه­ی میکریتی و گاهی خرده­های فسیلی مشاهده شده و به­صورت دانه شکری و نیمه شکل­دار و دارای لومینسانس نارنجی تا سرخ هستند. دولومیت­های VD اغلب درشت بلور و شکل دار بوده و بر اساس شدت لومینسانس از شش پتروتیپ تشکیل شده­اند. آنالیزهای ژئوشیمیایی دولومیت­های PD و RD نشان دهنده­ی گستره­های مشابه بوده که بازتاب دهنده­ی شرایط تشکیل تقریباً یکسان برای آن­هاست. بررسی دمای تشکیل این دولومیت­ها با استفاده از ایزوتوپ اکسیژن، به ترتیب گویای دمای 44 و 59 درجه­ی سانتیگراد است. مدل دریایی و عمق تدفین بسیار کم محتمل­ترین مدل برای تشکیل دولومیت­های PD و RD است. دولومیت­های VD دارای سبکترین ایزوتوپ­ اکسیژن بوده و بر این اساس دمای تشکیل آن­ها 82 درجه­ی سانتیگراد محاسبه شده است. بررسی سیالات درگیر در این دولومیت­ها نیز دمایی برابر با 83 درجه­ی سانتیگراد را نشان می­دهد. مدل تدفینی محتمل­ترین مدل دولومیتی شدن برای تشکیل دولومیت­های VD برآورد شده است.   

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Applications of cathodoluminescence, stable isotopes and fluid inclusions for identification and interpretation of dolomites of the Padeha Formation at Tabas Block, Central Iran

چکیده [English]

For identification and differentiation of different types of dolomites of the Padeha Formation, three stratigraphic sections in the northern and southern Tabas Block, with the maximum amount of dolomite, were selected and sampled. Based on petrographic evidence and geochemical data, three types of dolomite were identified, including primary (PD), replacement (RD) and vein and pore filling (VD) dolomites. The PD dolomites are fine-grained, anhedral with fenestral fabric and have sedimentary structures such as planar lamination, mud cracks, stromatolite and teepee structures, as well as dark and dark-red luminescence. The RD dolomite is mainly replaced the matrix and fossil fragments and observed as subhedral with orange to red luminescence. The VD dolomite is often coarse-grained and euhedral and according to the intensity of luminescence, six petrotypes were identified in this type of dolomite. The PD and RD dolomites indicate a similar range of geochemical data that reflects they formed in similar conditions. Based on oxygen isotopes, these dolomites formed at temperatures of 44 °C and 59 °C, respectively. Therefore, marine and very shallow burial model is the most probable model for the formation of PD and RD dolomites. The VD dolomite has the lightest oxygen isotope values, therefore on this basis, this type of dolomite is formed at 82 °C. Moreover, the study of fluid inclusions in these dolomites shows an average temperature of 83 ° C. The VD dolomite has likely formed in deep burial conditions and burial dolomitization model is proposed for this type of dolomite.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dolomite
  • petrography
  • Geochemistry
  • Padeha Formation
  • Central Iran
[1] زندمقدم ح.، "آنالیز رخساره ها، برخاستگاه تکتونیکی، ژئوشیمی، دیاژنز و چینه نگاری سکانسی سازند پادها در ایران مرکزی"، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، 380 صفحه (1392).

[2] Adabi M.H., Rao C.P., "Petrographic, elemental and isotopic criteria for the recognition of carbonate mineralogy and climates during the Jurassic (e.g. from Iran and England): 13th Geological Convension", Australia, (Abstract), 6 (1996).

[3] Akcay M., Ozkan H.M., Spiro B., Wilson R., Hoskin P.O., "Geochemistry of a high-T hydrothermal dolostone from the Emirli (Odemis, Western Turkey) Sb-Au deposit", Mineralogical Magazine 67 (2003) 671-688.

[4] Alavi M., "Sedimentary and structural characteristics of the Paleo-Tethys remnants in northeastern Iran", Geological Society of America Bulletin 103 (1991) 983–992

[5] Al-Aasm I.S., "Chemical and isotopic constraints for recrystallization of sedimentary dolomites from the western Canada sedimentary basin", Aquatic Geochemistry 6 (2000) 229-250.

[6] Al-Aasm I.S., Packard J.J., "Stabilization of early-formed dolomite: a ale of divergence rom tow Mississippian dolomites", Sedimentary Geology 131 (2002) 97-108.

[7] Allan J.R., Wiggins W.D., "Dolomite Reservoirs: Geochemical Techniques for Evaluating Origin and Distribution", American Association of Petroleum Geologists Continuing Education Course Note Series, No. 36 (1993).

[8] Arvidson R.S., Mackenzie F.T, "The dolomite problem: control of precipitation kinetics by temperature and saturation state", American Journal of Science 299 (1999) 257–288.

[9] Banner J.L., Hanson G.N., Meyers W.J, "Water-rock interaction history of regionally extensive dolomites of the Burlington-Keokuk Formation (Mississippian): isotopic evidence. In Sedimentology and Geochemistry of dolostone (eds. V. Shukla and P. Baker)", Society Economic Paleontology Mineralogy Special Publication 43 (1988) 97-113.

[10] Bazargani-Guilani K., Faramarzi M., Nekouvaght Tak M.A., "Multistage dolomitization in the Cretaceous carbonates of the east Shahmirzad area, north Semnan, central Alborz", Iran. Carbonates Evaporites 25 (2010) 177–191.

[11] Birchard M.C., Rutka M.A., Brunton F.R., "Lithofacies and geochemistry of the lucas formation in the subsurface of Southwestern Ontario: a high purity limestone and Potential high purity dolostone resource", Ontario Geological Survey Open File report (2004) 6137, 57p.

[12] Braithwaite C.J.R., Rizzi G., Darke G., "The geometry and petrogenesis of dolomite hydrocarbon reservoirs", Geological Society of London Special Publication 235 (2004) 1–6.

[13] Choquette P.W., Hiatt E.E., "Shallow-burial dolomite cement: a major component of many ancient sucrosic dolomites", Sedimentology 55 (2008) 423–460.

[14] Dickson J.A.D., "Carbonate identification and genesis as revealed by staining", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 36 (1966) 441-505

Gasparrini, M., Bechstadt, T., Boni, M, 2006. Massive hydrothermal dolomites in the Southwestern Cantabrian Zone (Spain) and their relation to the Late Variscan evolution, Marine and Petroleum Geology 23, 543-568.

[15] Geldern R., Joachimski M.M., Day J., Jansen U., Alvarez F., Yolkin E.A., Ma X.P., "Carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope records of Devonian brachiopod shell calcite. Palaeogeography", Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 240 (2006) 47–67.

[16] Given R. K., Wilkinson B.H, "Kinetic control of morphology, composition, and mineralogy of abiotic sedimentary carbonates", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 55 (1985) 109-119.

[17] Haeri-Ardakani O., Al-Aasm I., Coniglio M., "Fracture mineralization and fluid flow evolution: an example from Ordovician–Devonian carbonates, southwestern Ontario", Canada. Geofluids 13 (2013) 1–20.

[18] Hood S.D., Nelson C.S., Kamp P.J.J., "Burial dolomitisation in on-tropical carbonate petroleum reservoir: the Oligocene Tikorangi Formation Taranaki Basin", New Zealand. Sedimentary Geology 172 (2004) 117–138.

[19] Kirmaci M.Z., Akdag K., "Origin of dolomite in the Late Cretaceous- Paleocene Limestone turbidites", Eastern Pontides, Turkey, Sedimentey Geology 181 (2005) 39-57.

[20] Kruger J.M., Simo J.A., "Pervasive dolomitization of a subtidal carbonate ramp, Silurian and Devonian", Illinois Basin, USA. In: Purser, B., Tucker, M., Zenger, D. (Eds.), Dolomites, a volume in Honour of Dolomieu. Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists 21(1994)387-408.

[21] Land L.S., "The origin of massive dolomite", Journal of Geological Education 33 (1985) 112–125.

[22] Machel H.G., "Concepts and models of dolomitization: A critical reappraisal", in Braithwaite, C .J.R., Rizzi, G., and Darke, G., (Eds.), The Geometry and Petrogenesis of Dolomite Hydrocarbon Reservoirs: Geological Society of London Special Publication 235 (2004) 7–63.

[23] Mountjoy J.A., Amthor J.E, "Has burial dolomitization come of age? Some answer from the Western Canada Sedimentary Basin", In: Purser, B., Tucker, M., Zenger, D. (Eds.), Dolomites a Volume in Honour of Dolomieu. Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists 21 (1994) pp. 203-229

[24] Nader F.H., Swennen R., Ellam R.M, "Reflux stratabound dolostone and hydrothermal volcanism-associated dolostone: a two-stage dolomitization model (Jurassic, Lebanon)". Sedimentology 51 (2004) 339–360.

[25] Nader F.H., Swennen R., Ellam R.M., "Field geometry, petrography and geochemistry of a dolomitization front (late Jurassic, Central Lebanon)", Sedimentology 54 (2007) 1093–1119.

[26] Qing H., Bosence W.J., Rose E., "Dolomitization by penesaline sea water in Early Jurassic peritidal platform carbonates", Gibraltar western Mediterranean. Sedimentology 48 (2001) 153-163.

[27] Ronchi P., Jadoul F., Ceriani A., Giulio A., Scotti P., Ortenzi A., Previde Massara E., "Multistage dolomitization and distribution of dolomitized bodies in Early Jurassic carbonate platforms (Southern Alps, Italy)". Sedimentology 58 (2011) 532–565.

[28] Sibley D.F., Gregg J.M., "Classification of dolomite rock texture", Journal of Sedimentary Petrology 57 (1987) 967-975.

[29] Simo J.A., Johnson C.M., Vandrey M.R., Brown P.E., Castro Giovanni E., Drzewiecki P.E., Valley J.W., Boyer J., "Burial dolomitization of the Middle Ordovician Glenwood formation by evaporitic brines", Michigan Basin. In: Purser, B., Tucker, M., Zenger, D. (Eds.), Dolomites a Volume in Honour of Dolomieu. Special Publications of the International Association of Sedimentologists 21 (1994) pp. 169-186.

[30] Sternbach C.A., Friedman G.M., "Ferroan carbonates formed at depth require porosity well log correction: Hunton Group", Deep Anadarko Basin (Upper Ordovician to Lower Devonian) of Oklahoma and Texas. Transactions of Southwest Section. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, (1984) 167-173.

[31] Touir J., Soussi M., Troudi, "Polyphased dolomitization of a shoal-rimmed carbonate platform: example from the Middle Turonian Bireno dolomites of central Tunisia", Cretaceous Research 30 (2009) 785–804.

[32] Tucker M.E., Wright V.P, "Carbonate Sedimentology", Blackwell, Oxford, (1990) 482p.

[33] Tzen F.Y., Shou Y,G., "Stoichiometry effect on stable isotope analysis of dolomite", Chemical Geology 3-4, 359-68.

[34] Vahrenkamp V.C., Swart P.K., "New distribution coefficient for the incorporation of strontium into dolomites and its implication for the formation of ancient dolomites", Geology 18, 387-391.

[35] Veizer J., Ala D., Azmy K., Bruckschen P., Buhl D., Bruhn F., Carden G.A.F., Diener A., Ebneth S., Godderis Y., Jasper T., Korte C., Pawellek F., Podlaha O.G., Strauss H., "87Sr ⁄ 86Sr and d13C and d18O evolution of Phanerozoic seawater", Chemical Geology 161 (1999) 59–88.

[36] Warren W.J., "Dolomite: Occurrence, evolution and economically important association", Earth Science Review 52, 1-81.

[37] Wheeler P., Aharon R.E., Ferrell R.E., "Successions of Late Cenozoic platform dolomites distinguished by texture, geochemistry, and crystal chemistry: Niue", South Pacific. Journal of Sedimentary Research 69 (1999) 239–255.

[38] Whittaker S., Rostron B.J., Khan D., Hajnal Z., Qing H., Penner L., Maathuis H., Goussev S, "Theme 1: Geological characterization; In Wilson", M., Monea, M. (Eds.), IEA GHG Weyburn CO2 Monitoring and Storage Project Summary Report 2000-2004; Seventh International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Petroleum Technology Research Centre 3 (2004) 15-69.

[39] Zamanzadeh M., Amini A., Ghavidel-Syooki M., "Sequence stratigraphic controls on early-diagenetic carbonate cementation of shallow marine clastic sediments (the Devonian Zakeen Formation, southern Zagros, Iran)", Geosciences Journal 13(1) (2009) 31-57.

[40] Zand-Moghadam H., Moussavi-Harami R., Mahboubi A., "Sequence stratigraphy of the Early-Middle Devonian succession (Padeha Formation) in Tabas Block, East-Central Iran: Implication for mixed tidal flat deposits", Palaeoworld 23, 31-49.

[41] Zhao H., Jones B., "Genesis of fabric-destructive dolostones: A case study of the Brac Formation (Oligocene)", Cayman Brac, British West Indies. Sedimentary Geology 267-268 (2012) 36-54.