Mineralogy and geochemistry of igneous rocks of Josh-e-Rostagh Mountain, southeast of Darab

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 University of Hormozgan

2 Payame Noor University

10.22128/ijcm.2025.2962.0

Abstract

The study area is located in Fars Province, southeast of Darab, and within the Sanandaj-Sirjan structural zone. The region primarily consists of Mesozoic basalts and andesites. Petrographic studies reveal that andesitic rocks mainly comprise phenocrysts of plagioclase and amphibole, whereas basalts, in addition to plagioclase, contain phenocrysts of pyroxene and olivine. Geochemical evidence confirms tholeiitic to calc-alkaline magmatic series, exhibiting decreasing trends of Al2O3, CaO, MgO, and Fe2O3 versus SiO2. Trace element patterns and their behaviour reflect the influence of fractional crystallization processes. Positive Nb anomalies and REE enrichment patterns indicate mantle metasomatism, suggesting a negligible contribution from the crust in magma genesis. Rare earth element data demonstrates the fractionation of LREEs relative to HREEs, preserving the imprints related to subduction, with the resulting REE enrichment pattern perhaps suggesting the presence of garnet in the source region. Spider diagram patterns indicate that the studied rocks are derived from a mantle wedge enriched during subduction. The placement of samples in volcanic arc and oceanic margin zones implies that the rocks formed due to processes related to the Neo-Tethys subduction. Data generally indicate complex magmatic evolution and an arc magmatic origin that involved metasomatized mantle wedges. Overall results also support a magmatic source and tectonic model based on a model that includes degrees of assimilation, magmatic evolution of magma chamber for basalt, and degrees of crystalizing the upper rock. The model contains all degrees of assimilation crustal. degrees magma chamber volume fraction crystallization. This work contributes to knowledge in geology, as a science to model natural processes in Sanadaj Sirijan rock as the area been selected, due to several and numerous volcano rocks are located with more research data will lead in arc models near earth.

 

Keywords

References

[1] Azizi H., Jahangiri A., "Petrogenesis of the Jurassic Granitic Rocks from the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran.", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 37, no. 4, (2010), pp. 331-42.
[2] Verdel C., Fallah M., "The Jurassic–Cretaceous Magmatism in the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone of Iran: Constraints from Geochemical and Geochronological Data", International Geology Review, vol. 55, nos. 7-8,(2013), pp. 905-28.
[3] Ghasemi A., Talbot C. J., "A New Tectonic Model for the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 26, no. 6, (2006), pp. 683-703.
[4] Mohajjel M., Sahar A., "Tectonic Evolution of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran", Tectonophysics, vol. 408, nos. 1-4, (2005), pp. 187-202.
[5] Castro A., Patiño Douce A. E., Stephens J., "Experimental Constraints on Partial Melting of Metagreywacke to Tonalitic Melts at 10 kb", Journal of Petrology, vol. 51, no. 2, (2010), pp. 279-307.
[6] Kelemen P. B., Hanghoj K., Greene A. R., "One View of the Geochemistry of Subduction-Related Magmatic Arcs, with an Emphasis on Primitive Magmas and Peridotite Interaction", Treatise on Geochemistry, vol. 3, no. 2, (2003), pp. 593-659.
[7] Richards J. P., "Tectono-Magmatic Precursors for Porphyry Cu±Mo±Au Deposits", Economic Geology, vol. 98, no. 8, (2003), pp. 1515-33.
[8] Ahmadi A., Shafaii Moghadam H., "Geochemical and Sr-Nd Isotopic Characteristics of the Jurassic Magmatic Rocks of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran: Implications for Mantle Source and Petrogenesis", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, vol. 41, no. 6, (2011), pp. 620-33.
[9] Omrani J., Agard P., Whitechurch H., Benoit M., Prouteau G., Jolivet L., "Evolution from Oceanic Crust Subduction to Continental Collision in the Zagros Orogen, Iran", Tectonics, vol. 27, no. 5,( 2008), pp. 514-25.
[10] Aghanabati A., “Geology of Iran”, Geological Survey of Iran, (2004).
[11] Nabavi M., “Petrography of Iran”, University of Tehran Publication, 1976. (in Persian).
[12] Stöcklin J., "Structural History and Tectonics of Iran: A Review", Earth-Science Reviews, vol. 4, no. 1, (1968), pp. 1-41.
[13] Zarrinkoub M., et al., "Timing, Geochemistry and Origin of the Subduction-Related Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks from Northeast of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran, with Implication to Tethyan Closure History", Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 11, no. 5, (2018).
[14] Moghadam H. S., et al., "Cretaceous Crust Formation in the Northern Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb Dating and Trace Elements of Intrusive and Volcanic Rocks", Lithos, vol. 262, (2016), pp. 1-14.
[15] Hassanzadeh J., et al., "U–Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, Iran: Implications for the Timing and Nature of Magmatism Related to Neo-Tethys Subduction", Tectonophysics, vol. 451, nos. 1-4, (2008), pp. 71-96.
[16] Chiu H. Y., Chung S. L., Wu F. Y., "Magmatic Origin of Granitic Gneisses within an Arc-Continent Collision Zone: Insights from Zircon Geochronology, Trace Element and Nd Isotopic Characteristics", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 120, (2013), pp. 335-58.
[17] Shahbazi H., et al., "Geochemistry and U–Pb Zircon Geochronology of the Urumieh–Dokhtar Magmatic Assemblage (Northwest Iran): Insights on the Origin and Evolution of Subduction-Related Magmatism", International Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 99, no. 6,(2010), pp. 1361-78.
[18] Ghasemi A., Christopher J. Talbot., "A new tectonic scenario for the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone (Iran)", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 26.6 (2006): 683-693.
[19] Sargodar, “Geological Compilation Map, Scale 1:100000”, Iranian Oil Operating Company, (2020). 1 sheet.
[20] Whitney Donna, Bernard Evans, "Abbreviations for Names of Rock-Forming Minerals", American Mineralogist, vol. 95, (2010), pp. 185-87.
[21] Whitney Donna L., Bernard W., Evans, "Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American Mineralogist 95.1 (2010): pp.185-187.
[22] Cox K. G., et al., “The Interpretation of Igneous Rocks”, George Allen & Unwin, 1979.
[23] Winchester J. A., Floyd P. A., "Geochemical Discrimination of Different Magma Series and Their Differentiation Products Using Immobile Elements", Chemical Geology, vol. 20, (1977), pp. 325-43.
[24] Meysoon G. M., “Chemical Variations in Magma”, McGraw-Hill,( 1982).
[25] Rollinson H., “Using Geochemical Data: Evaluation, Presentation”, Interpretation. John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
[26] Schilling J. G., et al., "Trace-Metal Variations across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge at 43°N", Nature, vol. 303, no. 5919, (1983), pp. 683-85.
[27] Schilling J. G., Kingsley R. H., Gendron M. S., "Rare-Earth Elements in Back-Arc Basalts, North Atlantic", Nature, vol. 303, no. 5918, (1983), pp. 551-53.
[28] Moein-Vaziri A., “Trace Element Distribution in Igneous Rocks”, Shahid Chamran University Publication, (2001). (in Persian)
[29] Rollinson H., “A Practical Introduction to Geochemistry”, John Wiley and Sons, (1993).
[30] Miyashiro A., "Volcanic Rock Series in Island Arcs and Active Continental Margins", American Journal of Science, vol. 274 (1974).
[31] Peccerillo A., Taylor S.R., "Rare Earth Elements in East Carpathian Volcanic Rocks", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 32, no. 2,(1976), pp. 121-26.
[32] Ross P.S., Bédard J.H., "Magmatic Affinity of Modern and Ancient Subalkaline Volcanic Rocks Determined from Trace-Element Discriminant Diagrams", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 46, no. 11, (2009), pp. 823-39.
[33] Thompson R.N., "Magmatism of the British Tertiary Volcanic Province", Scottish Journal of Geology, vol. 18, no. 1, (1982), pp. 49-107.
[34] Carles G., Graf B., "An Early Stage in Subcontinental Upper Mantle Evolution: Evidence from REE and Minor Elements of Mantle Xenoliths", Chemical Geology, vol. 47, nos. 1-2, (1984), pp. 57-78.
[35] Rollinson H., “A Practical Introduction to Geochemistry”, John Wiley and Sons,(1993).
[36] Reavy R.J., et al., "Mobilisation of Potassium, Rubidium and Caesium During Natural Acid Weathering of Lower Palaeozoic Bedrock", Chemical Geology, vol. 206, (2004), pp. 39–59.
[37] Saunders A.D., et al., "Peridotite Composition of Back-Arc Basins; Constraints on the Mantle Sources and Petrogenesis of MORB", Oceanologia Acta, (1992), pp. 101–11.
[38] Kent A. J., "Origin of Depleted Peridotites from the Southeastern Australian Continental Lithospheric Mantle", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 131, nos. 3-4, (1995), pp. 287-303.
[39] Nagudi I. A., et al., "Petrogenesis of Precambrian Subduction–Related and Continental Alkaline Granitic Magmatism, Tanzania; An Approach Using in Situ Zircon Ion Microprobe (SHRIMP) U-Pb Chronology", Journal of Petrology, vol. 44, no. 5, (2003), pp. 769-92.
[40] Drake M. J., Weill D. F., "The Partition of Eu, Ge, Sr, Between Plagioclase Feldspar and Basaltic Liquids in Equilibrium with the Same Plagioclase in Presence and Absence of Cr", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 39 (1975) p. 689.
[41] Wilson M., “Igneous Petrogenesis: A Global Tectonic Approach”, Unwin and Hyman, (1989).
[42] Jahangiri A., Azizi H., "Petrology and Tectono-Magmatic Setting of the Abazar Granodiorite-Granite Pluton, Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Iran", Journal of Sciences, vol. 28, (2008), pp. 37-50.
[43] Kelemen P. B., Yogodzinski G., Ducey T. J., "An Evolving Picture of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana Subduction System and Slab Fluxes", in Subduction-Zone Geochemistry. 347-382, (2003).
[44] Sun S. S., McDonough W. F., "Chemical and Isotopic Systematics of Oceanic Basalts: Implications for Mantle Composition and Processes", Magmatism in the Ocean Basins, vol. 313, (1989) pp. 337.
[45] Pearce J. A., “A 'Users Guide' to Basalt Discrimination Diagrams”, Technical Notes in Petrology 8, Dept. of Geology, The University, Open University, (1984), pp. 1-28.
[46] Jahangiri A., "The Effects of Source Mantle Heterogeneity and Magma-Crust Interaction on Magmagenesis in the Khamsan Area of the Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, NW Iran, with Implication to the Magmatic and Tectonic Evolution of the Neotethyan Margin in SW Asia", Arabian Journal of Geosciences, vol. 2, no. 4, (2009), pp. 305-24.
[47] Brenan J. M., et al., "Mineral – Aqueous Fluid Partitioning of Strontium, Barium, Rubidium and Tantalum at 8 GPa: Implication for Element Fractionation During Subduction", Earth and Planeray Letters, vol. 135, (1995), pp. 9-23.
[48] Stalder R., et al., "Experimental Investigation of Phase Relations in a Basic MORB Related Composition at High-Pressure Conditions: Application to the Crust and Mantle Processes of Island-Arc Magmatism", The Lithosphere, (1998), pp. 568-606.
[49] Ayres M., Watson E.B., "Rutile Saturation in a Synthetic Basaltic System, Implication for Trace Element Analysis of Ocean Ridge Basalts", Chem Geology, vol. 92, (1991), pp. 281–311.
[50] Shervais J.W., "Ti-V Plots and the Petrogenesis of Modern and Ophiolitic Lavas", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 59, no. 1, (1982), pp. 101-18.
[51] Jameson D., Bruce B., "High Ti/V and Implications of High Temperatures of Basaltic Melt for Volcanic Hazard in Central Alaska" ,Geophysical Research Letters, vol. 48, no. 19, (2021), p. e2021GL094257.
[52] Felici L., et al,. "The V/(V + Fe) in Silicate Melts: Experimental Determination in Magmatic Rocks at Redox Conditions Around the QFM Buffer", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 160, (2015), pp. 193-211.
[53] Pearce J.A., "Trace Element Characteristics of Lavas from Destructive Plate Boundaries", Andesites, John Wiley and Sons, (1982), pp. 525-48.
[54] Lu L., Wright N.M., "A Revised Multi-Trace Element Geochemical Method for Determining Island Arc Sources: Insights from Cenozoic Eastern Australia", Chemical Geology, vol. 499, (2018), pp. 89–102.
[55] Barclay G., Taylor R., "High Th/Yb Values as a Measure of Recycled Subducted Crust and Metasomatized Lithosphere: The Importance of Clinopyroxene in Th Partitioning Between the Mantle and the Basaltic Melt", Contrib Mineral Petrol, vol. 178, (2023), p. 7.
[56] Marsh B.D., Keane D.M., "On the Interplay of La, Ce and Yb Fractionation at Convergent Plate Boundaries, with Application to Slab-Derived Fluids and Arc Melt Composition", Lithos, vols. 362-363, (2020), p. 105471.
[57] Yusuf, Z., Imai A., Widodo S., "Magma Origin and Petrogenesis of Eocene Igneous Rocks in Meratus Mountain South Kalimantan Island Based on Trace Elements Geochemical Analysis", Journal of Geoscience and Environment, vol. 4, (2022), pp. 350-63.
[58] Pearce J.A., "Basalt Discrimination Diagrams for the Tectonic Interpretation of Mafic Volcanic Rocks", Handbook of Volcanology, (2008), pp. 207-62.
[59] Ford A.S., et al., "Geochemistry of Neoproterozoic Back-Arc Magmatism in the Damara Belt, Namibia; Petrogenetic Evidence of Progressive Mantle Modification Through Time", Lithos, vols. 212-213, (2015), pp. 187–200.
[60] Hollacher K., et al., "Magmatic Evolution of Andean Arc Magmatism Constrained by Geochemical and Isotope Studies Along 27–28 S", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, vol. 164, (2012), pp. 835-57.
Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy
Volume 33, Issue 4 - Serial Number 100
January 2026
Pages 697-712

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 12 February 2025
  • Revise Date: 08 May 2025
  • Accept Date: 26 May 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics