Effect of substrate temperatures, spray rates, solution volumes, and nickel concentration on structural and optical properties of NiO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Damghan University

Abstract

Nickel oxide thin films were successfully percipitated at different substrate temperatures (440, 460, 480, and 500 oC), spray rates (1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 ml/min), solution volumes (50, 100, 150, and 200 ml), and nickel concentration (5, 10, 15, and 20 at.%) glass substrates using NiCl2.6H2O as precursor and the spray pyrolysis technique. The structural and  optical properties of the thin films were characterized. They show a polycrystalline nature with a cubic structure of single-phase NiO and peaks related to (111), (200), and (220) with a preferential orientation along (111). The morphology of the NiO thin films resembles that spherical grains on the entire surface, with an average roughness ranging from 28.71 to 105.63 nm, depending on the deposition conditions. The range of the optical gap and Urbach energy were measured to be 2.55 to 3.49 eV and 0.41 to 0.55 eV, respectively.

Keywords

References

  1. [1] Ganesh V., "Effect of Bi doping on the structural and optical properties of NiO thin films", Optics & Laser Technology, 146 (2022) 107579. [DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107579]
  2. [1] Ganesh V., "Effect of Bi doping on the structural and optical properties of NiO thin films", Optics & Laser Technology, 146 (2022) 107579. [DOI:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107579]
  3. [2] Fadavieslam, "Deposition and characterization of SnO2:Sb thin films fabricated by the spray pyrolysis method", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 27 (2019) 739-746. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.27.3.739]
  4. [2] Fadavieslam, "Deposition and characterization of SnO2:Sb thin films fabricated by the spray pyrolysis method", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 27 (2019) 739-746. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.27.3.739]
  5. [3] Cheemadan S., Kumar M.S., "Effect of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure on RF sputtered NiO thin films", Materials Research Express, 5 (2018) 046401. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/aab875]
  6. [3] Cheemadan S., Kumar M.S., "Effect of substrate temperature and oxygen partial pressure on RF sputtered NiO thin films", Materials Research Express, 5 (2018) 046401. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/aab875]
  7. [4] Usha K., Sivakumar R., Sanjeeviraja C., Ichimura M., "Physical properties of rf magnetron sputter deposited NiO: WO3 thin films", Materials Research Express, 2 (2014) 016401. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/2/1/016401]
  8. [4] Usha K., Sivakumar R., Sanjeeviraja C., Ichimura M., "Physical properties of rf magnetron sputter deposited NiO: WO3 thin films", Materials Research Express, 2 (2014) 016401. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/2/1/016401]
  9. [5] Gomaa M.M., Yazdi G.R., Schmidt S., Boshta M., Khranovskyy V., Eriksson F., Farag B.S., Osman M.B.S., Yakimova R., "Effect of precursor solutions on the structural and optical properties of sprayed NiO thin films", Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 64 (2017) 32-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2017.03.009]
  10. [5] Gomaa M.M., Yazdi G.R., Schmidt S., Boshta M., Khranovskyy V., Eriksson F., Farag B.S., Osman M.B.S., Yakimova R., "Effect of precursor solutions on the structural and optical properties of sprayed NiO thin films", Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 64 (2017) 32-38. [DOI:10.1016/j.mssp.2017.03.009]
  11. [6] Lin Y.-J., Su T.-H., Kuo P.-C., Chang H.-C., "A source of free holes in NiO thin films with different nickel content that are prepared using the sol-gel method", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 276 (2022) 125345. [DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125345]
  12. [6] Lin Y.-J., Su T.-H., Kuo P.-C., Chang H.-C., "A source of free holes in NiO thin films with different nickel content that are prepared using the sol-gel method", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 276 (2022) 125345. [DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2021.125345]
  13. [7] Ganesh V., Kumar B.R., Bitla Y., Yahia I.S., AlFaify S., "Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties of Nd Doped NiO Thin Films Deposited with a Spray Pyrolysis Method", Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31 (2021) 2691-2699. [DOI:10.1007/s10904-021-01889-3]
  14. [7] Ganesh V., Kumar B.R., Bitla Y., Yahia I.S., AlFaify S., "Structural, Optical and Dielectric Properties of Nd Doped NiO Thin Films Deposited with a Spray Pyrolysis Method", Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials, 31 (2021) 2691-2699. [DOI:10.1007/s10904-021-01889-3]
  15. [8] Aftab M., Butt M.Z., Ali D., Bashir F., Khan T.M., "Optical and electrical properties of NiO and Cu-doped NiO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis", Optical Materials, 119 (2021) 111369. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111369]
  16. [8] Aftab M., Butt M.Z., Ali D., Bashir F., Khan T.M., "Optical and electrical properties of NiO and Cu-doped NiO thin films synthesized by spray pyrolysis", Optical Materials, 119 (2021) 111369. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111369]
  17. [9] Visweswaran S., Venkatachalapathy R., Haris M., Murugesan M., "Structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of sprayed NiO thin films by perfume atomizer", Applied Physics A, 126 (2020) 524. [DOI:10.1007/s00339-020-03709-w]
  18. [9] Visweswaran S., Venkatachalapathy R., Haris M., Murugesan M., "Structural, morphological, optical and magnetic properties of sprayed NiO thin films by perfume atomizer", Applied Physics A, 126 (2020) 524. [DOI:10.1007/s00339-020-03709-w]
  19. [10] Mrabet C., Ben Amor M., Boukhachem M., Amlouk M., Manoubi T., "Physical properties of La-doped NiO sprayed thin films for optoelectronic and sensor applications", Ceramics International, 42 (2016) 5963-5978. [DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.12.144]
  20. [10] Mrabet C., Ben Amor M., Boukhachem M., Amlouk M., Manoubi T., "Physical properties of La-doped NiO sprayed thin films for optoelectronic and sensor applications", Ceramics International, 42 (2016) 5963-5978. [DOI:10.1016/j.ceramint.2015.12.144]
  21. [11] Shajudheen V.P.M., Kumar V.S., Maheswari A.U., Sivakumar M., Kumar S.S., Rani K.A., "Characterization and anticorrosion studies of spray coated nickel oxide (NiO) thin films", Materials Today: Proceedings, 5 (2018) 8577-8586. [DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.555]
  22. [11] Shajudheen V.P.M., Kumar V.S., Maheswari A.U., Sivakumar M., Kumar S.S., Rani K.A., "Characterization and anticorrosion studies of spray coated nickel oxide (NiO) thin films", Materials Today: Proceedings, 5 (2018) 8577-8586. [DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2017.11.555]
  23. [12] Hotovy I., Rehacek V., Kemeny M., Ondrejka P., Kostic I., Mikolasek I., Spiess L., "Preparation and gas-sensing properties of very thin sputtered NiO films", Journal of Electrical Engineering, 72 (2021) 61-65. [DOI:10.2478/jee-2021-0009]
  24. [12] Hotovy I., Rehacek V., Kemeny M., Ondrejka P., Kostic I., Mikolasek I., Spiess L., "Preparation and gas-sensing properties of very thin sputtered NiO films", Journal of Electrical Engineering, 72 (2021) 61-65. [DOI:10.2478/jee-2021-0009]
  25. [13] Parkhomenko H.P., Solovan M.N., Mostovoi A.I., Orletskii I.G., Parfenyuk O.A., Maryanchuk P.D., "Optical and electrical properties of thin NiO films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering and spray pyrolysis", Optics and Spectroscopy, 122 (2017) 944-948. [DOI:10.1134/S0030400X17060145]
  26. [13] Parkhomenko H.P., Solovan M.N., Mostovoi A.I., Orletskii I.G., Parfenyuk O.A., Maryanchuk P.D., "Optical and electrical properties of thin NiO films deposited by reactive magnetron sputtering and spray pyrolysis", Optics and Spectroscopy, 122 (2017) 944-948. [DOI:10.1134/S0030400X17060145]
  27. [14] Sharma R., Acharya A.D., Shrivastava S.B., Patidar M.M., Gangrade M., Shripathi T., Ganesan V., "Studies on the structure optical and electrical properties of Zn-doped NiO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis", Optik, 127 (2016) 4661-4668. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.01.050]
  28. [14] Sharma R., Acharya A.D., Shrivastava S.B., Patidar M.M., Gangrade M., Shripathi T., Ganesan V., "Studies on the structure optical and electrical properties of Zn-doped NiO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis", Optik, 127 (2016) 4661-4668. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.01.050]
  29. [15] Akl A.A., Mahmoud S.A., "Effect of growth temperatures on the surface morphology", optical analysis, dielectric constants, electric susceptibility, Urbach and bandgap energy of sprayed NiO thin films, Optik, 172 (2018) 783-793. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.07.092]
  30. [15] Akl A.A., Mahmoud S.A., "Effect of growth temperatures on the surface morphology", optical analysis, dielectric constants, electric susceptibility, Urbach and bandgap energy of sprayed NiO thin films, Optik, 172 (2018) 783-793. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.07.092]
  31. [16] Ahmed A.A., Afzal A.A., Devarajan A.A., Subramani S., "Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of NiO films prepared on Si (100) and glass substrates at different thicknesses", Materials Research Express, 3 (2016) 116405. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/3/11/116405]
  32. [16] Ahmed A.A., Afzal A.A., Devarajan A.A., Subramani S., "Structural, morphological, optical and electrical properties of NiO films prepared on Si (100) and glass substrates at different thicknesses", Materials Research Express, 3 (2016) 116405. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/3/11/116405]
  33. [17] Sharma R., Acharya A.D., Shrivastava S.B., Shripathi T., Ganesan V., "Preparation and characterization of transparent NiO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique", Optik, 125 (2014) 6751-6756. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.104]
  34. [17] Sharma R., Acharya A.D., Shrivastava S.B., Shripathi T., Ganesan V., "Preparation and characterization of transparent NiO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis technique", Optik, 125 (2014) 6751-6756. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2014.07.104]
  35. [18] Menaka S.M., Umadevi G., "Concentration Dependent Structural, Morphological, Spectral, Optical and Electrical Properties of Spray Pyrolyzed NiO thin films", Silicon, 10 (2018) 2023-2029. [DOI:10.1007/s12633-017-9716-9]
  36. [18] Menaka S.M., Umadevi G., "Concentration Dependent Structural, Morphological, Spectral, Optical and Electrical Properties of Spray Pyrolyzed NiO thin films", Silicon, 10 (2018) 2023-2029. [DOI:10.1007/s12633-017-9716-9]
  37. [19] Balakarthikeyan R., Santhanam A., Anandhi R., Vinoth S., Al-Baradi A.M., Alrowaili Z.A., Al-Buriahi M.S., Deva Arun Kumar K., "Fabrication of nanostructured NiO and NiO:Cu thin films for high-performance ultraviolet photodetector", Optical Materials, 120 (2021) 111387. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111387]
  38. [19] Balakarthikeyan R., Santhanam A., Anandhi R., Vinoth S., Al-Baradi A.M., Alrowaili Z.A., Al-Buriahi M.S., Deva Arun Kumar K., "Fabrication of nanostructured NiO and NiO:Cu thin films for high-performance ultraviolet photodetector", Optical Materials, 120 (2021) 111387. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2021.111387]
  39. [20] Aoun Y., Marrakchi M., Benramache S., Benhaoua B., Lakel S., Cheraf A., "Preparation and characterizations of monocrystalline Na doped NiO thin films", Materials Research, 21 (2018). [DOI:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0681]
  40. [20] Aoun Y., Marrakchi M., Benramache S., Benhaoua B., Lakel S., Cheraf A., "Preparation and characterizations of monocrystalline Na doped NiO thin films", Materials Research, 21 (2018). [DOI:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2017-0681]
  41. [21] Kaya D., Aydınoğlu H.S., Şenadım Tüzemen E., Ekicibil E., "Investigation of optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of p-type NiO thin film on different substrates", Thin Solid Films, 732 (2021) 138800. [DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2021.138800]
  42. [21] Kaya D., Aydınoğlu H.S., Şenadım Tüzemen E., Ekicibil E., "Investigation of optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of p-type NiO thin film on different substrates", Thin Solid Films, 732 (2021) 138800. [DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2021.138800]
  43. [22] Nongjai R., Asokan R., "Structural and optical properties of Ni implanted NiO thin films", AIP Conference Proceedings, 2265 (2020) 030321. [DOI:10.1063/5.0017402]
  44. [22] Nongjai R., Asokan R., "Structural and optical properties of Ni implanted NiO thin films", AIP Conference Proceedings, 2265 (2020) 030321. [DOI:10.1063/5.0017402]
  45. [23] Qu K., Ding Z., Wu M., Liu M., Chen M., Zhu R., Han B., Ma X., Gao P., Li P., "Unraveling atomic-scale lithiation mechanisms in a NiO thin film electrode", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8 (2020) 25198-25207. [DOI:10.1039/D0TA08415H]
  46. [23] Qu K., Ding Z., Wu M., Liu M., Chen M., Zhu R., Han B., Ma X., Gao P., Li P., "Unraveling atomic-scale lithiation mechanisms in a NiO thin film electrode", Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8 (2020) 25198-25207. [DOI:10.1039/D0TA08415H]
  47. [24] Manouchehri I., Mehrparvar D., Moradian R., Gholami K., Osati T., "Investigation of structural and optical properties of copper doped NiO thin films deposited by RF magnetron reactive sputtering", Optik, 127 (2016) 812-8129-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.06.005]
  48. [24] Manouchehri I., Mehrparvar D., Moradian R., Gholami K., Osati T., "Investigation of structural and optical properties of copper doped NiO thin films deposited by RF magnetron reactive sputtering", Optik, 127 (2016) 812-8129-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.06.005]
  49. [25] Perumal R., Thanikaikarasan S., "Thickness, structural and optical properties of electrodeposited NiO thin films", Materials Today: Proceedings, 33 (2020) 3989-3992. [DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.337]
  50. [25] Perumal R., Thanikaikarasan S., "Thickness, structural and optical properties of electrodeposited NiO thin films", Materials Today: Proceedings, 33 (2020) 3989-3992. [DOI:10.1016/j.matpr.2020.06.337]
  51. [26] Arunodaya J., Sahoo T., "Effect of Li doping on conductivity and band gap of nickel oxide thin film deposited by spin coating technique", Materials Research Express, 7 (2019) 016405. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/ab5bf1]
  52. [26] Arunodaya J., Sahoo T., "Effect of Li doping on conductivity and band gap of nickel oxide thin film deposited by spin coating technique", Materials Research Express, 7 (2019) 016405. [DOI:10.1088/2053-1591/ab5bf1]
  53. [27] Li Y., Zhao G.Y., Kou Z.B., Liu J.C., Zhu R., "Study on Resistive Switching Property of Ti Doped Novel NiO Thin Films, IOP Conference Series", Materials Science and Engineering, 303 (2018) 012007. [DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/303/1/012007]
  54. [27] Li Y., Zhao G.Y., Kou Z.B., Liu J.C., Zhu R., "Study on Resistive Switching Property of Ti Doped Novel NiO Thin Films, IOP Conference Series", Materials Science and Engineering, 303 (2018) 012007. [DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/303/1/012007]
  55. [28] Roffi T.M., Nozaki S., Uchida K., "Growth mechanism of single-crystalline NiO thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition", Journal of Crystal Growth, 451 (2016) 57-64. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.06.047]
  56. [28] Roffi T.M., Nozaki S., Uchida K., "Growth mechanism of single-crystalline NiO thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition", Journal of Crystal Growth, 451 (2016) 57-64. [DOI:10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.06.047]
  57. [29] Das M.R., Mukherjee A., Mitra P., "Structural, optical and ac electrical characterization of CBD synthesized NiO thin films", Influence of thickness, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 93 (2017) 243-251. [DOI:10.1016/j.physe.2017.06.018]
  58. [29] Das M.R., Mukherjee A., Mitra P., "Structural, optical and ac electrical characterization of CBD synthesized NiO thin films", Influence of thickness, Physica E: Low-dimensional Systems and Nanostructures, 93 (2017) 243-251. [DOI:10.1016/j.physe.2017.06.018]
  59. [30] Sajilal K., Moses Ezhil Raj A., "Effect of thickness on physico-chemical properties of p-NiO (bunsenite) thin films prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique", Optik, 127 (2016) 1442-1449. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.11.026]
  60. [30] Sajilal K., Moses Ezhil Raj A., "Effect of thickness on physico-chemical properties of p-NiO (bunsenite) thin films prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique", Optik, 127 (2016) 1442-1449. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.11.026]
  61. [31] Pakniyat, Motevalizadeh, Jami, "The effect of Ga-doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 27 (2019) 747-752. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.27.3.747]
  62. [31] Pakniyat, Motevalizadeh, Jami, "The effect of Ga-doping on the structural and optical properties of ZnO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 27 (2019) 747-752. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.27.3.747]
  63. [32] Kate R.S., Bulakhe S.C., Deokate R.J., "Effect of substrate temperature on properties of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films by spray pyrolysis", Journal of Electronic Materials, 48 (2019) 3220-3228. [DOI:10.1007/s11664-019-07074-0]
  64. [32] Kate R.S., Bulakhe S.C., Deokate R.J., "Effect of substrate temperature on properties of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films by spray pyrolysis", Journal of Electronic Materials, 48 (2019) 3220-3228. [DOI:10.1007/s11664-019-07074-0]
  65. [33] Gomaa M.M., Sayed M.H., Patil V.L., Boshta M., Patil P.S., "Gas sensing performance of sprayed NiO thin films toward NO2 gas", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 885 (2021) 160908. [DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160908]
  66. [33] Gomaa M.M., Sayed M.H., Patil V.L., Boshta M., Patil P.S., "Gas sensing performance of sprayed NiO thin films toward NO2 gas", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 885 (2021) 160908. [DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160908]
  67. [34] Hakkoum H., Tibermacine T., Sengouga N., Belahssen O., Ghougali M., Benhaya M., Moumen A., Comini E., "Effect of the source solution quantity on optical characteristics of ZnO and NiO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis for the design NiO/ZnO photodetectors", Optical Materials, 108 (2020) 110434. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110434]
  68. [34] Hakkoum H., Tibermacine T., Sengouga N., Belahssen O., Ghougali M., Benhaya M., Moumen A., Comini E., "Effect of the source solution quantity on optical characteristics of ZnO and NiO thin films grown by spray pyrolysis for the design NiO/ZnO photodetectors", Optical Materials, 108 (2020) 110434. [DOI:10.1016/j.optmat.2020.110434]
  69. [35] Qin Y., Song Y., Qiu Q., Liu Q., Zhao Y., Zhu L., Qiang L., "High-quality NiO thin film by low-temperature spray combustion method for perovskite solar cells", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 810 (2019) 15197. [DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.151970]
  70. [35] Qin Y., Song Y., Qiu Q., Liu Q., Zhao Y., Zhu L., Qiang L., "High-quality NiO thin film by low-temperature spray combustion method for perovskite solar cells", Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 810 (2019) 15197. [DOI:10.1016/j.jallcom.2019.151970]
  71. [36] Barir L., Benhaoua B., Benhamid S., Rahal A., Sahraoui A., Gheriani R., "Effect of precursor concentration on structural optical and electrical properties of NiO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis", Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017 . [DOI:10.1155/2017/5204639]
  72. [36] Barir L., Benhaoua B., Benhamid S., Rahal A., Sahraoui A., Gheriani R., "Effect of precursor concentration on structural optical and electrical properties of NiO thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis", Journal of Nanomaterials, 2017 . [DOI:10.1155/2017/5204639]
  73. [37] Ukoba K., Eloka-Eboka A., Inambao F., "Review of nanostructured NiO thin film deposition using the spray pyrolysis technique", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82 (2018) 2900-2915. [DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.041]
  74. [37] Ukoba K., Eloka-Eboka A., Inambao F., "Review of nanostructured NiO thin film deposition using the spray pyrolysis technique", Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82 (2018) 2900-2915. [DOI:10.1016/j.rser.2017.10.041]
  75. [38] Kate F., Khalate S., Deokate R., "Electrochemical properties of spray deposited nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for energy storage systems", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125 (2017) 289-295. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.03.014]
  76. [38] Kate F., Khalate S., Deokate R., "Electrochemical properties of spray deposited nickel oxide (NiO) thin films for energy storage systems", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 125 (2017) 289-295. [DOI:10.1016/j.jaap.2017.03.014]
  77. [39] Kate R., Khalate S., Deokate R., "Synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films, in: AIP Conference Proceedings", AIP Publishing LLC, 2017, pp. 080048. [DOI:10.1063/1.4980508]
  78. [39] Kate R., Khalate S., Deokate R., "Synthesis and characterization of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films, in: AIP Conference Proceedings", AIP Publishing LLC, 2017, pp. 080048. [DOI:10.1063/1.4980508]
  79. [40] Patil P., Kadam P., "Preparation and characterization of spray pyrolyzed nickel oxide (NiO) thin films", Applied surface science, 199 (2002) 211-221. [DOI:10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00839-5]
  80. [40] Patil P., Kadam P., "Preparation and characterization of spray pyrolyzed nickel oxide (NiO) thin films", Applied surface science, 199 (2002) 211-221. [DOI:10.1016/S0169-4332(02)00839-5]
  81. [41] Sivaranjani V., Philominathan P., "Influence of substrate temperature on physical properties of nanostructured ti doped In2O3 thin films by a simplified perfume atomizer technique", Int. J. Thin. Fil. Sci. Tec, 4 (2015) 219-225.
  82. [41] Sivaranjani V., Philominathan P., "Influence of substrate temperature on physical properties of nanostructured ti doped In2O3 thin films by a simplified perfume atomizer technique", Int. J. Thin. Fil. Sci. Tec, 4 (2015) 219-225.
  83. [42] Sajilal K., Ezhil Raj A.M., "Effect of thickness on structural and magnetic properties of NiO thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique", Materials Letters, 164 (2016) 547-550. [DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.11.065]
  84. [42] Sajilal K., Ezhil Raj A.M., "Effect of thickness on structural and magnetic properties of NiO thin films prepared by chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique", Materials Letters, 164 (2016) 547-550. [DOI:10.1016/j.matlet.2015.11.065]
  85. [43] Boukhachem A., Boughalmi R., Karyaoui M., Mhamdi A., Chtourou R., Boubaker R., Amlouk M., "Study of substrate temperature effects on structural, optical, mechanical and opto-thermal properties of NiO sprayed semiconductor thin films", Materials Science and Engineering: B, 188 (2014) 72-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.mseb.2014.06.001]
  86. [43] Boukhachem A., Boughalmi R., Karyaoui M., Mhamdi A., Chtourou R., Boubaker R., Amlouk M., "Study of substrate temperature effects on structural, optical, mechanical and opto-thermal properties of NiO sprayed semiconductor thin films", Materials Science and Engineering: B, 188 (2014) 72-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.mseb.2014.06.001]
  87. [44] Pilevar Shahri R., Shafei S., Tabatabai Yazdi S., "Structural and electrical properties of In-doped vanadium oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 28 (2020) 259-266. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.28.1.259]
  88. [44] Pilevar Shahri R., Shafei S., Tabatabai Yazdi S., "Structural and electrical properties of In-doped vanadium oxide thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 28 (2020) 259-266. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.28.1.259]
  89. [45] Asadpour Arzefooni, Izadifard, Ghazi, Arab Pour, "Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of MA(FA)SnICl2 Perovskite Thin Films Synthesized by One-Step Spin Coating", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 29 (2021) 919-932. [DOI:10.52547/ijcm.29.4.919]
  90. [45] Asadpour Arzefooni, Izadifard, Ghazi, Arab Pour, "Study of Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties of MA(FA)SnICl2 Perovskite Thin Films Synthesized by One-Step Spin Coating", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 29 (2021) 919-932. [DOI:10.52547/ijcm.29.4.919]
  91. [46] Menaka S.M., Umadevi G., Manickam M., "Effect of copper concentration on the physical properties of copper doped NiO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 191 (2017) 181-187. [DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.01.048]
  92. [46] Menaka S.M., Umadevi G., Manickam M., "Effect of copper concentration on the physical properties of copper doped NiO thin films deposited by spray pyrolysis", Materials Chemistry and Physics, 191 (2017) 181-187. [DOI:10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.01.048]
  93. [47] Özütok F., Demiri S., Özbek S., "Electrochromic NiO thin films prepared by spin coating, in: AIP Conference Proceedings", AIP Publishing LLC, 2017 050011. [DOI:10.1063/1.4976389]
  94. [47] Özütok F., Demiri S., Özbek S., "Electrochromic NiO thin films prepared by spin coating, in: AIP Conference Proceedings", AIP Publishing LLC, 2017 050011. [DOI:10.1063/1.4976389]
  95. [48] Dong S., Djaoued H., Vienneau G., Robichaud J., Brown D., Brüning R., Djaoued Y., "Electrochromic and colorimetric properties of anodic NiO thin films: Uncovering electrochromic mechanism of NiO", Electrochimica Acta, 335 (2020) 135648. [DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135648]
  96. [48] Dong S., Djaoued H., Vienneau G., Robichaud J., Brown D., Brüning R., Djaoued Y., "Electrochromic and colorimetric properties of anodic NiO thin films: Uncovering electrochromic mechanism of NiO", Electrochimica Acta, 335 (2020) 135648. [DOI:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.135648]
  97. [49] Atak G., Coşkun Ö.D., "Annealing effects of NiO thin films for all-solid-state electrochromic devices", Solid State Ionics, 305 (2017) 43-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.ssi.2017.05.002]
  98. [49] Atak G., Coşkun Ö.D., "Annealing effects of NiO thin films for all-solid-state electrochromic devices", Solid State Ionics, 305 (2017) 43-51. [DOI:10.1016/j.ssi.2017.05.002]
  99. [50] Shkir M., Ganesh V., AlFaify S., Yahia I., Zahran H., "Tailoring the linear and nonlinear optical properties of NiO thin films through Cr 3+ doping", Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29 (2018) 6446-6457. [DOI:10.1007/s10854-018-8626-y]
  100. [50] Shkir M., Ganesh V., AlFaify S., Yahia I., Zahran H., "Tailoring the linear and nonlinear optical properties of NiO thin films through Cr 3+ doping", Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 29 (2018) 6446-6457. [DOI:10.1007/s10854-018-8626-y]
  101. [51] Maaoui B., Aoun Y., Benramache S., Nid A., Far A., Touati A., "Synthesis and characterization of physical properties of the NiO thin films by various concentrations", Advances in Materials Science, 20 (2020) 79-87. [DOI:10.2478/adms-2020-0017]
  102. [51] Maaoui B., Aoun Y., Benramache S., Nid A., Far A., Touati A., "Synthesis and characterization of physical properties of the NiO thin films by various concentrations", Advances in Materials Science, 20 (2020) 79-87. [DOI:10.2478/adms-2020-0017]
  103. [52] Jamal M., Shahahmadi S., Chelvanathan P., Alharbi H.F., Karim M.R., Dar M.A., Luqman M.A., Alharthi N.H., Al-Harthi N.H., Aminuzzaman M., "Effects of growth temperature on the photovoltaic properties of RF sputtered undoped NiO thin films", Results in Physics, 14 (2019) 102360. [DOI:10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102360]
  104. [52] Jamal M., Shahahmadi S., Chelvanathan P., Alharbi H.F., Karim M.R., Dar M.A., Luqman M.A., Alharthi N.H., Al-Harthi N.H., Aminuzzaman M., "Effects of growth temperature on the photovoltaic properties of RF sputtered undoped NiO thin films", Results in Physics, 14 (2019) 102360. [DOI:10.1016/j.rinp.2019.102360]
  105. [53] Asadpour Arzefooni, Izadifard, Ghazi, "Investigation of structural and optical properties of CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite layers synthesized by one-step thermal evaporation technique", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 28 (2020) 1037-1050. [DOI:10.52547/ijcm.28.4.1037]
  106. [53] Asadpour Arzefooni, Izadifard, Ghazi, "Investigation of structural and optical properties of CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite layers synthesized by one-step thermal evaporation technique", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 28 (2020) 1037-1050. [DOI:10.52547/ijcm.28.4.1037]
  107. [54] Ghazkob, Zargar shoshtari, Kazeminejad, Lari baghal, "Synthesis of BiVO4 nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method and study the crystal structure, optical and photocatalytic properties of them", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 28 (2020) 797-806. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.28.3.797]
  108. [54] Ghazkob, Zargar shoshtari, Kazeminejad, Lari baghal, "Synthesis of BiVO4 nanoparticles by the co-precipitation method and study the crystal structure, optical and photocatalytic properties of them", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy, 28 (2020) 797-806. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.28.3.797]
  109. [55] Alshahrie A., Yahia I.S., Alghamdi A., Al Hassan P.Z., "Morphological, structural and optical dispersion parameters of Cd-doped NiO nanostructure thin film", Optik, 127 (2016) 5105-5109. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.02.023]
  110. [55] Alshahrie A., Yahia I.S., Alghamdi A., Al Hassan P.Z., "Morphological, structural and optical dispersion parameters of Cd-doped NiO nanostructure thin film", Optik, 127 (2016) 5105-5109. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.02.023]
  111. [56] Chtouki T., Soumahoro T., Kulyk T., Bougharraf T., Kabouchi T., Erguig T., Sahraoui B., "Comparison of structural, morphological, linear and nonlinear optical properties of NiO thin films elaborated by Spin-Coating and Spray Pyrolysis", Optik. 13-8 (2017)128. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.10.007]
  112. [56] Chtouki T., Soumahoro T., Kulyk T., Bougharraf T., Kabouchi T., Erguig T., Sahraoui B., "Comparison of structural, morphological, linear and nonlinear optical properties of NiO thin films elaborated by Spin-Coating and Spray Pyrolysis", Optik. 13-8 (2017)128. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.10.007]
  113. [57] Khalidi Z.E., Fadili S., Hartiti B., Lfakir A., Thevenin P., Siadat M., "Behavior of NiO thin films sprayed at different annealing time, Optical and Quantum Electronics, 48 (2016) 427. [DOI:10.1007/s11082-016-0694-8]
  114. [57] Khalidi Z.E., Fadili S., Hartiti B., Lfakir A., Thevenin P., Siadat M., "Behavior of NiO thin films sprayed at different annealing time, Optical and Quantum Electronics, 48 (2016) 427. [DOI:10.1007/s11082-016-0694-8]
  115. [58] Chandoul F., Moussa H., Jouini K., Boukhachem A., Hosni F., Fayache M.S., Schneider R., "Investigation of the properties of nanostructured nickel oxide NiO thin films irradiated at different γ-doses", Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30 (2019) 348-358. [DOI:10.1007/s10854-018-0299-z]
  116. [58] Chandoul F., Moussa H., Jouini K., Boukhachem A., Hosni F., Fayache M.S., Schneider R., "Investigation of the properties of nanostructured nickel oxide NiO thin films irradiated at different γ-doses", Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, 30 (2019) 348-358. [DOI:10.1007/s10854-018-0299-z]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 July 2022
  • Revise Date: 18 September 2022
  • Accept Date: 08 October 2022

Share

How to cite

Statistics