Influence of temperature on green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles by sol-gel method and investigation of its structural and optical properties

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abstract

There is a growing interest in the synthesis and applications of cobalt oxide nanoparticles due to their unique properties. Current methods in nanotechnology focus on developing a new technique for the synthesis of nanoparticles using biological methods such as using plant extracts, mucilage, essential oils, fungi, or bacteria that can minimize the use of hazardous substances. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles is provided in a simple green and environmental friendly method using Cydonia oblonga seed mucilage as a reducing and stabilizing agent and cobalt (II) nitrate hexahydrate as a precursor of cobalt at different temperatures of 500, 600, 700 and 800°. Prepared nanoparticles were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques, Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Visible) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). XRD showed the formation of the cubic phase cobalt oxide nanoparticles with an average particle size of 31 to 63 nm, and the size of cobalt oxide nanoparticles increased with the calcination temperature. The FT-IR showed a strong absorption band related to the stretching vibration of Co3+-O and Co2+-O bond and confirmed the formation of Co3O4 structure in all samples. The results of the UV-Visible spectrum of the samples showed the band gap value of the nanoparticles in the range of 3.64 – 3.93 eV. Using FESEM images, it can be seen that the particles have a spherical shape.
 

Keywords


[1] Sharma J.K., Srivastava P., Singha G., Shaheer Akhtar M., Ameen S.," Green synthesis of Co3O4 nanoparticles and their applications inthermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate and dye-sensitizedsolar cells". Materials Science and Engineering B193 (2015) 181-8.

[2] Sabouri Z., Fereydouni N., Akbari A., Hosseini H. A., Hashemzadeh A., Amiri M. S., Kazemi Oskuee R., Darroudi M.," Plant-based synthesis of NiO nanoparticles using salvia macrosiphon Boiss extract and examination of their water treatment ". Rare Metals 39 (2019) 1134-44.

[3] Pagar T., Ghotekar S., Pagar K., Pansambal S., Oza R.," Review on Bio-Synthesized Co3O4 Nanoparticles using Plant Extracts and Their Diverse Applications". Journal Of Chemical Reviews 1 (2019) 260-70.

[4] Salavati-Niasari M., Khansari A., Davar F.," Synthesis and characterization of cobalt oxide nanoparticles by thermal treatment process". Inorganica Chimica Acta 362 (2009) 4937–4942.

[5] Lakra R., Kumar R., Nath Thatoi D., Sahoo P.K., Soam A.," Synthesis and characterization of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles". Materials Today: Proceedings 41 (2021) 269-271.

[6] Itteboina R., Sau T.K.," Sol-gel synthesis and characterizations of morphologycontrolled Co3O4 particles". Materials Today: Proceedings 9 (2019) 458–467.

[7] Salehi M., Abdoos R., Bahramian B.," Nd- and Eu-Doped Cobalt Oxide Nanocrystals as Highly Efficient Electrocatalysts for Alkaline Water Splitting". Journal of Applied Chemistry 12 (2018) 100-116.

[8] PrisrinS.A., Priyanga M., Ponve K.M., Kaviarasan K., Kalidass S.," Plant Mediated Approach for the Fabrication of Nano CuO–NiO Mixed Oxides Using Aqueous Extract of Mimusops Elengi Leaf: Green Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Activity Studies". Journal of Cluster Science 33 (2022) 765–772.

[9] Bibi I., Nazar N., Iqbal M., Kamal S., Nawaz H., Nouren S., Safa f Y., Jilani K., Sultan g M., Ata g S., Rehman h F., AbbasM.," Green and eco-friendly synthesis of cobalt-oxide nanoparticle: Characterization and photo-catalytic activity". Advanced Powder Technology 28 (2017) 2035-43.

[10] Dinesh Choudhary P., Ashok Pawar H.," Recently Investigated Natural Gums and Mucilages as Pharmaceutical Excipients: An Overview". Journal of Pharmaceutics 2014 (2014) 1-9.

[11] Mohammadi M., Faraji M., Fadavi G., Salami M.," Study on components and mucilage extracted from mix of leaves and stems of mallow (Malva neglecta)". Journal of food science and technology 13 (2016) 1-7.

[12] Sabouri Z., Akbari A., Hosseini H. A., Hashemzadeh A., Darroudi M.," Eco-Friendly Biosynthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles Mediated by Okra Plant Extract and Investigation of Their Photocatalytic, Magnetic, Cytotoxicity, and Antibacterial Properties". Journal of Cluster Science 30 (2019) 1425-34.

[13] Hernandez-Morales L., Espinoza-Gomez H., Flores-Lopez L.Z., Sotelo-Barrera E.L., Nunez-Rivera A., Cadena-Nava R.D., Alonso-Nunez G., Espinoza K.A.," Study of the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using a natural extract of dark or white Salvia hispanica L. seeds and their antibacterial application". Applied Surface Science 489 (2019) 952–961

[14] Sabouri Z., Rangrazi A., Amiri M.S., Khatami M., Darroudi M.," Green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds extract and studies of their photocatalytic activity and cytotoxicity effects". Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 44 (2021) 2407–2415.

[15] Kombaiah K., Judith Vijaya J., John Kennedy L., Bououdina M., Jothi Ramalingam R., Al-Lohedan H.A.," Okra extract-assisted green synthesis of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles and their optical, magnetic, and antimicrobial properties". Materials Chemistry and Physics 204 (2018) 410-19.

[16] Ghazal S., Khandannasab N., Hosseini H. A., Sabouri Z., Rangrazi A., Darroudi M.," Green synthesis of copper-doped nickel oxide nanoparticles using okra plant extract for the evaluation of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic properties". Ceramics International 47 (2021) 27167-27176.

[17] Eze F.N., Ovatlarnporn C., Jayeoye T.J., Nalinbenjapun S., Sripetthong S.," One-pot biofabrication and characterization of Tara gum/Riceberry phenolics–silver nanogel: A cytocompatible and green nanoplatform with multifaceted biological applications". International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 206 (2022) 521-533.

[18] Sabouri Z., Akbari A., Hosseini H. A., Khatami M., Darroudi M.," Green-based bio-synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles in Arabic gum and examination of their cytotoxicity, photocatalytic and antibacterial effects". Green Chemistry Letters and Reviews 14 (2021) 402-12.

[19] Engelbrekt C., Sørensen K.H., Zhang J., Welinder A.C., Jensen P.S., Ulstrup J.," Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles with starch–glucose and application in bioelectrochemistry". Journal of Materials Chemistry 19 (2009) 7839–7847

[20] Elhosiny Ali H., Abdel-Aziz M.M., Aboraia A.M., Yahia I.S., Algarni H., Butova V., Soldatov A.V., KhairyY.," Control the nanostructured growth of manganese oxide using starch: Electrical and optical analysis". Optik 227 (2021) 165969.

[21] Yakout S.M., MostafaA.A.," A novel green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using soluble starch and its antibacterial activity". Int J Clin Exp Med 8 (2015) 3538–3544.

[22] Ghazal S., Akbari A., Hosseini H. A., Sabouri Z., Forouzanfar F., Khatami M., Darroudi M.," Biosynthesis of silver‑doped nickel oxide nanoparticles and evaluation of their photocatalytic and cytotoxicity properties". Applied Physics A 126 (2020) 1-8.

[23] Ghazal S., Akbari A., Hosseini H. A., Sabouri Z., Forouzanfar F., Khatami M., Darroudi M.," Sol-gel biosynthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles using Cydonia oblonga extract and evaluation of their cytotoxicity and photocatalytic activities". Journal of Molecular Structure 1217 (2020) 128378.

[24] Al-Qirby L.M., Radiman S., Siong C.W., Ali A.M.,"Sonochemical synthesis and characterization of Co3O4 nanocrystals in the presence of the ionic liquid [EMIM][BF4]". Ultrasonics Sonochemistry 38 (2017) 640–51.

[25] Meenatchi B., Sathiya Lakshmi V., Manikandan A., Renuga V., Sharmila A., Nandhine Deve K.R.,"Protic ionic liquid assisted synthesis and characterization of ferromagnetic cobalt oxide nanocatalyst". Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials 27 (2017) 446–54.

[26] Lingna S., Huifeng L., Ling R., Changwen H.,"Synthesis of Co3O4 nanostructures using a solvothermal approach". Solid-State Sciences 11 (2009) 108-12.

[27] Tahanpesar E., Tavakkoli H., Hadikhani S.," Facile Sol-Gel Synthesis of Co3O4 Nanoparticles – An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,2-Disubstituted Benzimidazoles Under Solvent-Free Conditions ". Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry 55 (2019) 1217–1222.

[28] Darband M., Tahanpesar E., Badri R., Sanaeishoar H.," Green Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanostructures: Morphology, Optical and Magnetic Characterization". Russian Journal of Inorganic Chemistry 66 (2021) 2068-2076.

[29] Farasat M., Golzan S.M., Hassanzadeh A.," Preparation of silver nanoparticles on sol-gel base and study of their physical and morphological properties". Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 19 (2011) 47–50.

[30] VayaD., Meena., Das B.K.," Green Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles by a Starch-Assisted Method". Nanoscience & Nanotechnology-Asia 8 (2018) 1-11.

[31] Dehno Khalaji A.," Synthesis, Characterization and Optical Properties of Co3O4 Nanoparticles". Asian Journal of Nanoscience and Materials 2 (2019) 186-90.

[32] Chen Q.Y., Haq S.U., Xing Z.H., Wang Y.H.," Temperature effect on green-synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticle as photocatalyst for overall water splitting". Journal of Photonics for Energy 10 (2020) 42006–8.

[33] K. Agilandeswari K., Rubankumar.," Synthesis, Characterization, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Co3O4 Nanoparticles by Quick Precipitation ". Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic, and Nano-Metal Chemistry 46 (2016) 502–506.