کانی شناسی، زمین‌شیمی و سیال‌های درگیر در کانسار چند فلزی قربان(Pb-Cu-Zn-Ag- Au) ، جنوب شرق دامغان، شمال ایران مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 شرکت کیان معدن پارس

3 دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

کانسار چندفلزی قربان در کرانه شمالی پهنه ایران مرکزی و در رشته کوه ترود- چاه شیرین، در انتهای شمال شرق منطقه اکتشافی چشمه حافظ واقع است. سنگ­های بستر منطقه بیشتر شامل آندزیت- بازالت، آندزیت، تراکی آندزیت همراه با توف و آگلومرا، توف برشی و برش آتشفشانی هستند. این سنگ­ها به­طور گسترده توسط سیال­های گرمابی دگرسان شده­اند. دگرسانی­ها در منطقه معدنی قربان شامل پروپلیتی، سریسیتی، کلریتی، آرژیلی و سیلیسی شدن هستند. کانه­زایی در این منطقه به دو صورت درونزاد و برونزاد رخ داده است. بررسی­های زمین­شیمیایی نشان می­دهد که عنصر مس با سرب و روی همبستگی بسیار ضعیف و با نقره همبستگی مثبت و شدیدی دارد. همچنین طلا بیشترین همبستگی را با نیکل دارد. بررسی میانبارهای سیال در نمونه­های کوارتز و کلسیت نشان می­دهد که آنها در دمای اتاق، دوفازی غنی از مایع هستند که بیشتر آن­ها تنها از مایع آبگین و تعداد کمی نیز از مایع آبگین به همراه حباب بخار تشکیل شده­اند. بر­ اساس بررسی­های سیال­های درگیر، دمای همگن­شدگی و شوری در منطقه قربان به ترتیب 254-112 درجه سانتی گراد و 88/0 تا 22/18 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام است. نمودار دمای همگن­شدگی و شوری سیال نشان می­دهد که کانی­سازی در منطقه بر اثر تزریق متناوب سیال با شوری بالا و آمیختگی با سیال با شوری کمتر و رقیق­شدگی آن رخ داده است. براساس داده­های کانی­شناسی، زمین­شیمیایی و میانبارهای سیال، کانسار چندفلزی قربان در گستره کانسارهای فراگرمایی قرار دارد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Mineralogy, geochemistry and fluid inclusions in Ghorban polymetal deposit, SE of Damghan, Central Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Safari-Sarkale 1
  • Yazdi 1
  • Farahani-Kangarani 2
  • Zare-Shooli 3
1
2
3
چکیده [English]

Ghorban polymetallic deposit is located in the Torud-Chahshirin Range, at the northeast end of Cheshmeh Hafez mining district in the northern margin of the Central Iran geotectonic zone. The bed rocks of the area consist mainly of volcanic to sub-volcanic of Middle to Upper Miocene in age, such as basalt, andesite-basalt, andesite, trachy-andesite, tuff, agglomerate, and breccia tuff. These rocks have been pervasively altered by hydrothermal fluids. Alterations include propylitic, sericitization, chloritization, argillic and silicification. Mineralization occurred in both hypogene and supergene zones of the area. Geochemical studies show that Cu has a very low correlation with Zn and Pb and a positive correlation with Ag. Au also has the highest correlation with Ni. Fluid inclusions have been done in a quartz samples as well as one calcite sample which are associated with ore minerals. Fluid inclusions at room temperature are liquid-rich bi-phasic type. Most of them are made up of liquid fluid only and a few of them are made up of liquid fluid with vapor bubble. Homogenization temperature and salinity in the samples are between 112-254 ℃ and 0.88- 18.22 wt% NaCl equivalents. The homogenization temperature and fluid salinity data shows that mineralization has taken place due to injection of several phases of high saline fluid and mixing with low saline fluid and was diluted during the cooling. Mineralogical, geochemical and fluid inclusions data show that the Ghorban pollymetals deposit is epithermal deposits.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • polymetallic deposit
  • epithermal
  • Ghorban area
  • Damghan
  • Central Iran
[1] Nabavi M.H., “An Introduction to the Iran Geology (in Persian)” Geological Survey & Mineral exploration of Iran (1976) 458 p.

[2] Salehinasab S., Fardoust F., Soltani A., “Mineralogy, geochemistry and conditions of forming of the Bandgheichi copper deposit, Torud region, Shahroud south (in Persian)”, Iranian journal crystallography and mineralogy 27 (2019) 521-536.

[3] Ghorbani G., Vosoughi-Abedini M., Ghasemi H., “Termobarometry of the granitoid intrusion in Torud- Chahshirin region (Damghan south) (in Persian)”, Iranian journal crystallography and mineralogy 1 (2005) 95-106.

[4] Ghorbani G., Vosoughi-Abedini M., Ghasemi H., “Study of mineralogy and thermometry of the quartz-tourmaline veins in Baghu region, Damghan southeast (in Persian)”, Iranian journal crystallography and mineralogy 24 (2016) 661-674.

[5] Mosadegh M., Fardoust F., Soltani A., “Mineralogy and geochemistry and the origin of the Helalan manganese deposit, Damghan south (in Persian)”, Iranian journal crystallography and mineralogy 26 (2018) 945-960.

[6] Rouhbakhsh P., Karimpour M.H., Malekzade-Shafaroudi A., “Mineralization and study of fluid inclusions involved in the northern part of the Kuhzar gold-copper deposite, Damghan (Firoozeh-Gheichi region) (in Persian)”, Iranian journal crystallography and mineralogy 26 (2018) 611-624.

[7] Hooshmandzadeh A., Alavi-Naeini M., Haghipour A., “The evolution of the Troud geology phenomena from pre-Cambrian to the present era (in Persian)”, Geological Survey & Mineral exploration of Iran (1978) 138 p.

[8] TaleFazel, E., Mehrabi, B., & GhasemiSiani, M. (2019). Epithermal systems of the Torud–Chah Shirin district, northern Iran: Ore-fluid evolution and geodynamic setting. Ore Geology Reviews, 109, 253-275.

[9] Safari-Sarkaleh S., “Geochemistry, mineralogy and genesis of Ghorban polymetals ore deposite, SE of Damghan (in Persian)”, M.Sc thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (2020).

[10] Safari -Sarkale S., Yazdi M., Farahani Kangarani F., “Characteristics of the texture, mineralogy and alteration of Ghorban polymetals ore deposite, SE of Damghan, Central Iran (in Persian)”, 11th Symposium of Iranian Society of Econamic Geology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz (2019).

[11] Safari -Sarkale S., Yazdi M., Farahani Kangarani F., “Characteristics of the alteration and mineralization fluids in Ghorban polymetals ore deposite, SE of Damghan, Central Iran (in Persian)”, Third Bennial Iranian National Fluid Inclusion conference, University of Zanjan (2019).

[12] Gharesi R., Rasa I., Yazdi M., "Investigation of Mazraeh Skarn mineralization, North of Ahar, with an emphasis on fluid inclusion studies (in Persian)",, Iranian journal crystallography and mineralogy 26 (2018) :229-244.

[13] Arab-Ameri F., Yazdi M., Behzadi M., Moradi M., “Petrographic, Mineralography and alterations in iron mine of the Panj Kūh Damghan (in Persian)”, Lithology Quarterly of Ashtian Azad University 1 (2011) 43-57.

[14] Arab-Ameri F., Yazdi M., Behzadi M., Moradi M., “Petrographic, Mineralography and alterations in iron mine of the Panj Kūh Damghan (in Persian)”, 2nd Conference of Earth Sciences - Ashtian (2011) 1-15.

[15] Arab-Ameri F., Yazdi M., Behzadi M., Moradi M., “Gold mineralization in iron mine of the Panj Kūh Damghan (in Persian)”, Third Conference of the Iranian Economic Geological Society, Ahvaz (2011) 1-7.

[16] Azizian A., Yazdi M., Moghaddasi S.J., “Mineralogy and Geochemistry in Lajneh Iron deposite, Shahroud Southeast (in Persian)”, National Conference on the Study of New Achievements in Earth Sciences (2009) 1-5.

[17] Hooshmandzadeh A., Alavi-Naeini M., Haghipour A., “The evolution of the Troud geology phenomena from pre-Cambrian to the present era (in Persian)”, Geological Survey & Mineral exploration of Iran (1978) 138 p.

[18] Rashid Nejad omaran N., “Study of the petrological and magmatic developments and its relationship with gold mineralization in Baghu region (south of Damghan) (in Persian)”, M.Sc thesis, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University of Tehran (1992).

[19] Ahmadi Shad A., “Study of mineralogy, alteration and lithogeochemistry of Baghu gold (Damghan Kuh Zar) (in Persian)”, M.Sc thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (1997).

[20] Eshraqi S., Jafarian M., “Study of the Mineral Reserves of Semnan Province (Peshk area Plan) (in Persian)”, Kan Kavan advisers, Mining Deputy of the mines and metals ministry, Report 1 and 2 (1995).

[21] Mehri, B., “Mineralogy, Geochemistry, Facies analysis and genesis of the Khanjar Pb-Ag deposit (South Damghan) (in Persian)”, M.Sc Thesis, Faculty of Science, Kharazmi University of Tehran (1998).

[22] Fard, M., "Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of the Gandi Pb-Zn-Cu-Au deposit, Southeast Damghan (in Persian)”, M.Sc Thesis, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Modares University (2001).

[23] Shamaanian Gh., “Study of alteration and hydrothermal mineralization of the base and precious metals in the area of Moalleman (in Persian)”, PhD thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Tehran (2004).

[24] Sheibi M., “Study of Petrology and Geochemistry of the Panj-Kuh Iron deposit, South of Damghan (in Persian)”, M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tehran (2004).

[25] Ghasemi Siani M., “Geology, Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of the Semnan Cheshmeh Hafez Polymetallic deposit (Southeast Damghan) (in Persian)”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Kharazmi University of Tehran (2009).

[26] Haghighi A., “Metallogenic of Base Metals and Gold in Volcanic-Intrusion Belt of the Torud- Chah shirin area (in Persian)”, PhD Thesis, Shahid Beheshti University (2010).

[27] Aghamiri J., “Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Genesis of the cheshmehsehpid- Abolhassani Polymetallic deposit (in Persian)”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (2017).

[28] Arab Ameri F., “Geochemical discoveries of gold in the Damghan Panj-Kuh region (in Persian)”, M.Sc. thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (2012).

[29] Haghighi E., Alirezaei S., Ashrafpour E., “Mineralization, alteration and the Mineralization fluid properties in the deposit of base and precious metals of Cheshmeh Hafez, Tarud– chah Shirin Mountain, North of Central Iran (in Persian)” Geosciences Scientific Quarterly Journal 22 (2010) 88-99.

[30] Mahmoudi Nikoo M., “Evaluation of environmental effects of the Cheshmeh Hafez Polymetallic deposit (Zn, Cu, Au, Pb and Ag), Torud region (in Persian)”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahroud University of Technology (2011).

[31] Kian Mining Pars Company “Report of Geological Survey in Cheshmeh-Hafez Area (in Persian)”, (2015) 166p.

[32] Mohabati Z., Nezafati N., Jafari rad A., Zakariaie J., “Multivariate Statistical Analysis of the Stream Sediment Geochemical Data From Kofaz-e Sofla Area (South Khorasan Province, East Iran) Together with Proposing Promising Mineralization Areas (in Persian)”, Geochemistry (2014) 247- 257.

[33] Cohen, D.R., et al., 1999, "Comparison of vegetation and stream sediment geochemical patterns in northeastern New South Wales", Journal of geochemical Exploration 66(3), P.469-489.

[34] Karimi M., “Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of Chehrabad Copper and Lead Occurrence (Zanjan Province) (in Persian)”, Geochemistry (2015) 21- 36.

[35] Alaeibakhsh N., Shamanian GH “Mineralogy, Geochemistry and Genesis of the Cu-Bearing Veins of the Nesen Formation, Southwest of Amol, Central Alborz Zone (in Persian)”, Geochemistry (2015) 107- 118.

[36] Ghorbani Q., “Petrology of the magmatic rocks of the Damghan South (in Persian)”, M.Sc. Thesis, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University (2005).

[37] Durieux C.G, Brown A.C., "Geological context, mineralization, and timing of the Juramento sediment-hosted stratiform copper-silver deposit, Salta district northwestern Argentina”, Miner Deposita 42)2007 (879-899.

[38] Roedder E., "Fluid inclusions" Reviews in Mineralogy 12, Mineralogical Society of America (1984) 646p.

[39] Shephard T.J., Rankin A.H., Alderton D.H., "A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies" Blackie and Sons (1985) 239p.

[40] Mirzaei M., Bagheri H., Ayati F., “Petrography and fluid inclusions study in Marbin porphyry Molybdenum (Sn) index (northeast of Isfahan) (in Persian)”, Petrology 25(2015)1-18.

[41] Payamani R., Hasan-Nejad A.A., KolahiAzar A.P., “Study of geological environment of the Astaneh fluorine deposit using the studies of the fluid inclusions (in Persian)”, Specialized and national conference on the application of fluids inclusion in earth sciences, Zanjan University (2017).

[42] Borisenko A.S., “Studies of salinity of gas-liquid inclusions in minerals by the cryometric method”, Soviet Geology and Geophysics 18 (1977) 11-19.

[43] Crawford M.L., “Phase equilibrium in aqueous fluid inclusions. In: Short course in Fluid Inclusions (Eds. Hollister L.S. and Crawford M.L.) application to Petrology”, Mineralogical Association of Canada 6 (1981) 75-100.

[44] Wilkinson J.J., “Fluid inclusion in hydrothermal ore deposit”, Lithos 55(2001) 229-272.

[45] Shepherd T., Rankin A.H., Alderton, D.H.M., “A practical guide to fluid inclusion studies” (1985).

[46] Hall D.L., Bodnar R.J., Craig J.R., “Evidence for post-entrapment diffusion of hydrogen into peak metamorphic fluid inclusion from the massive sulfide deposits at Duktown, Tennessee”, American Mineralogist 76(1991) 1344-1355.

[47] Frantz J.D., Popp R.K., Hoering T.C., “The compositional limits of fluid immiscibility in the system H2O- NaCl- Co2 as determined with the use of synthetic fluid inclusions in conjunction with mass spectrometry”, Chemical Geology 98 (1992) 237-255.

[48] Kesler S.E., “Fluids in planetary systems: Ore-forming fluids”, Elements, 1 (2005) 13-18.

[49] Abu-Alam T., El Monsef M.A., Grosch E., “Shear-zone hosted gold mineralization of the Arabian–Nubian Shield: devolatilization processes across the greenschist–amphibolite-facies transition”, Geological Society, London, Special Publications 478 (2019) 287-313.