Mineral chemistry and thermobarometry of East Salmas metamorphic complex, northwestern Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abstract

East Salmas Metabasites, as one of the most extensive units of the metamorphic complex, is located in the northwest of Sanandaj-Sirjan zone. These metabasites are mainly composed of amphibolite and green shist, alternating with geniss, metadiorite and marble metamorphic rocks. Metabasites are structurally oriented and mass, and grain size varies from small to medium. According to microscopic studies, the region's metabasites are classified into 6 amphibolitic and 4 schist subgroups. Amphibole, plagioclase, mica, spinel, and quartz are the main minerals from the microprobe results of metabasite samples. According to the chemistry of minerals, amphiboles are composed of magnesium hornblende and ferrotschermakite, plagioclase with component of andesine, mica with type of phlogopite and spinel groups with component of Al-spinel. Chemical composition of amphibole and plagioclase minerals was used for themometry and barometry of metabasite rocks in the region. Thereforet the results show that regional metamorphic rocks are formed in moderate temperature (550-600 ° C) and pressure (4-6 kbar) ranges, Barrovian-type amphibolite facies, 30 ° C / Km geothermal gradient and in the intra-continental orogenic environments.

Keywords

References

[1] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review", The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 52 (1968)1229-1258.

[2] Alavi M., "Tectonics of Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations", Tectonophysics, 229 (1994) 211-238.

[3] Mohajjel M., Fergusson C.L., "Dextral transpression in Late Cretaceous continental collision", Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 22 (2000)125–1139.

[4] Shafaii Moghadam H., Stern R.J., "Ophiolites of Iran: keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Asia:(I) Paleozoic ophiolites", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 91(2014)19–38.

[5] Khodabandeh A. A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Tasuj", organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).

[6] Khodabandeh A.A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Salmas", organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).

[7] Shafaii Moghadam H. Li, X-H., Ling, X-X., Stern R. J., Santos J. F., Minhold G., Ghorbani Gh., Shabani sh., "Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of late Carboniferous A type granites and gabbronorites in NW Iran: Geochronological and geochemical constraints", Journal of Lithos, 266-279 (2015).

[8] Asadpour M., Heuss S., Pourmaafi S. M., "New evidences of Precambrian and Paleozoic magmatism in the Gharebagh intrusives", NW of iran, Journal of Earth Sciences (1392).

[9] Schmidt M. W., "Amphibole composition in tonalite as afunction of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al-in hornblende barometer", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110 (1992) 304-310.

[10] Blundy J. D., Holland A. F., "Calcic amphibole equiliburia and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer", Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 104 (1990) 208-224.

[11] Spear F. S., "NaSi= CaAl exchange equilibrium between plagioclase and amphibole: An empirical model", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 77 (1980) 355-364.

[12] Esawi E. K., "Amph-Class: An excel spreadsheet for the classification and nomenclature of amphibole based on the1997 recommendation of the international mineralogical Association", Computers Geosciences, 30(2004)753-760.

[13] Tuloch A. J., Challis G. A., "Emplacement depths of Paleozoic-Mesozoic plutons from western New Zealand estimated by hornblende-Al geobarometry", New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43 (2000) 555-567.

[14] Hammarstrom J. M., Zen E., "Aluminum in hornblende: An empirical igneous geobaromter", AmericanMineralogist,71(1986)1297-1313.

[15] Hollister L. S., Grissom G. C., Peter E. K., Stowll H. H., Sisson V. B., "Confirmation of the empiricalcorrelation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons". American Mineralogist, 72 (1987) 231-239.

[16] Johnson M. C., Rutherford J., "Experimental calibration of the aluminum-in-hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley Caldera (California) volcanic rocks", Geology, 17 (1989) 837-841.

[17] Holland T., Blundy J., "Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry", Contribution mineral petroleum, 116(1994) 433-47.

[18] Otten MT., "The origin of brown hornblende in Artfjallet gabbro and dolerites", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86 (1984) 89-199.

[19] Liu J., Bohlen S. R., Ernest W. G., "Stability of hydrous phases in subducting oceanic crust", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 143 (1996) 161-171.

[20] Plyusnina L. P., "Geothermometry and geobarometry of plagioclase-hornblende bearing assemblages", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 80 (1982) 40-146.

[21] Leake B.E., "Nomenclature of amphiboles. American Mineralogist 63, 1023–1052. Le Bas, M.J., 2000. IUGS reclassification of the high - Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 41 (1978)1467–1470.

[1] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review", The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 52 (1968)1229-1258.

[2] Alavi M., "Tectonics of Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations", Tectonophysics, 229 (1994) 211-238.

[3] Mohajjel M., Fergusson C.L., "Dextral transpression in Late Cretaceous continental collision", Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 22 (2000)125–1139.

[4] Shafaii Moghadam H., Stern R.J., "Ophiolites of Iran: keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Asia:(I) Paleozoic ophiolites", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 91(2014)19–38.

[5] Khodabandeh A. A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Tasuj", organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).

[6] Khodabandeh A.A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Salmas", organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).

[7] Shafaii Moghadam H. Li, X-H., Ling, X-X., Stern R. J., Santos J. F., Minhold G., Ghorbani Gh., Shabani sh., "Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of late Carboniferous A type granites and gabbronorites in NW Iran: Geochronological and geochemical constraints", Journal of Lithos, 266-279 (2015).

[8] Asadpour M., Heuss S., Pourmaafi S. M., "New evidences of Precambrian and Paleozoic magmatism in the Gharebagh intrusives", NW of iran, Journal of Earth Sciences (1392).

[9] Schmidt M. W., "Amphibole composition in tonalite as afunction of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al-in hornblende barometer", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110 (1992) 304-310.

[10] Blundy J. D., Holland A. F., "Calcic amphibole equiliburia and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer", Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 104 (1990) 208-224.

[11] Spear F. S., "NaSi= CaAl exchange equilibrium between plagioclase and amphibole: An empirical model", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 77 (1980) 355-364.

[12] Esawi E. K., "Amph-Class: An excel spreadsheet for the classification and nomenclature of amphibole based on the1997 recommendation of the international mineralogical Association", Computers Geosciences, 30(2004)753-760.

[13] Tuloch A. J., Challis G. A., "Emplacement depths of Paleozoic-Mesozoic plutons from western New Zealand estimated by hornblende-Al geobarometry", New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43 (2000) 555-567.

[14] Hammarstrom J. M., Zen E., "Aluminum in hornblende: An empirical igneous geobaromter", AmericanMineralogist,71(1986)1297-1313.

[15] Hollister L. S., Grissom G. C., Peter E. K., Stowll H. H., Sisson V. B., "Confirmation of the empiricalcorrelation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons". American Mineralogist, 72 (1987) 231-239.

[16] Johnson M. C., Rutherford J., "Experimental calibration of the aluminum-in-hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley Caldera (California) volcanic rocks", Geology, 17 (1989) 837-841.

[17] Holland T., Blundy J., "Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry", Contribution mineral petroleum, 116(1994) 433-47.

[18] Otten MT., "The origin of brown hornblende in Artfjallet gabbro and dolerites", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86 (1984) 89-199.

[19] Liu J., Bohlen S. R., Ernest W. G., "Stability of hydrous phases in subducting oceanic crust", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 143 (1996) 161-171.

[20] Plyusnina L. P., "Geothermometry and geobarometry of plagioclase-hornblende bearing assemblages", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 80 (1982) 40-146.

[21] Leake B.E., "Nomenclature of amphiboles. American Mineralogist 63, 1023–1052. Le Bas, M.J., 2000. IUGS reclassification of the high - Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 41 (1978)1467–1470.

[1] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran: a review", The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 52 (1968)1229-1258.

[2] Alavi M., "Tectonics of Zagros orogenic belt of Iran: new data and interpretations", Tectonophysics, 229 (1994) 211-238.

[3] Mohajjel M., Fergusson C.L., "Dextral transpression in Late Cretaceous continental collision", Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran. Journal of Structural Geology, 22 (2000)125–1139.

[4] Shafaii Moghadam H., Stern R.J., "Ophiolites of Iran: keys to understanding the tectonic evolution of SW Asia:(I) Paleozoic ophiolites", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 91(2014)19–38.

[5] Khodabandeh A. A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Tasuj", organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).

[6] Khodabandeh A.A, Aminifazl A., "Geology map of 1/100000 Salmas", organization of geology and mine explorations of country (1372).

[7] Shafaii Moghadam H. Li, X-H., Ling, X-X., Stern R. J., Santos J. F., Minhold G., Ghorbani Gh., Shabani sh., "Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of late Carboniferous A type granites and gabbronorites in NW Iran: Geochronological and geochemical constraints", Journal of Lithos, 266-279 (2015).

[8] Asadpour M., Heuss S., Pourmaafi S. M., "New evidences of Precambrian and Paleozoic magmatism in the Gharebagh intrusives", NW of iran, Journal of Earth Sciences (1392).

[9] Schmidt M. W., "Amphibole composition in tonalite as afunction of pressure: an experimental calibration of the Al-in hornblende barometer", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 110 (1992) 304-310.

[10] Blundy J. D., Holland A. F., "Calcic amphibole equiliburia and a new amphibole-plagioclase geothermometer", Contribution to Mineralogy and Petrology, 104 (1990) 208-224.

[11] Spear F. S., "NaSi= CaAl exchange equilibrium between plagioclase and amphibole: An empirical model", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 77 (1980) 355-364.

[12] Esawi E. K., "Amph-Class: An excel spreadsheet for the classification and nomenclature of amphibole based on the1997 recommendation of the international mineralogical Association", Computers Geosciences, 30(2004)753-760.

[13] Tuloch A. J., Challis G. A., "Emplacement depths of Paleozoic-Mesozoic plutons from western New Zealand estimated by hornblende-Al geobarometry", New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 43 (2000) 555-567.

[14] Hammarstrom J. M., Zen E., "Aluminum in hornblende: An empirical igneous geobaromter", AmericanMineralogist,71(1986)1297-1313.

[15] Hollister L. S., Grissom G. C., Peter E. K., Stowll H. H., Sisson V. B., "Confirmation of the empiricalcorrelation of Al in hornblende with pressure of solidification of calc-alkaline plutons". American Mineralogist, 72 (1987) 231-239.

[16] Johnson M. C., Rutherford J., "Experimental calibration of the aluminum-in-hornblende geobarometer with application to Long Valley Caldera (California) volcanic rocks", Geology, 17 (1989) 837-841.

[17] Holland T., Blundy J., "Non-ideal interactions in calcic amphiboles and their bearing on amphibole-plagioclase thermometry", Contribution mineral petroleum, 116(1994) 433-47.

[18] Otten MT., "The origin of brown hornblende in Artfjallet gabbro and dolerites", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 86 (1984) 89-199.

[19] Liu J., Bohlen S. R., Ernest W. G., "Stability of hydrous phases in subducting oceanic crust", Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 143 (1996) 161-171.

[20] Plyusnina L. P., "Geothermometry and geobarometry of plagioclase-hornblende bearing assemblages", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 80 (1982) 40-146.

[21] Leake B.E., "Nomenclature of amphiboles. American Mineralogist 63, 1023–1052. Le Bas, M.J., 2000. IUGS reclassification of the high - Mg and picritic volcanic rocks. Journal of Petrology, 41 (1978)1467–1470.

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  • Receive Date: 09 June 2020
  • Revise Date: 19 August 2020
  • Accept Date: 02 September 2020

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