بررسی‌های کانی‌شناسی، دگرسانی و میانبارهای سیال رخداد کانه‌زایی ییلاق قره‌چی، شمال غرب اهر، شمال غرب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه ارومیه

2 گروه زمین‌شناسی، واحد تبریز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تبریز

چکیده

نشانه معدنی ییلاق قره­چی به عنوان بخشی از کمربند فلززایی­ ارسباران در 25 کیلومتری شمال غرب اهر، استان آذربایجان شرقی، شمال غرب ایران واقع است. سنگ­های درونگیر این نشانه شامل توده­های نفوذی مرکب با ترکیب سنگ­شناسی گرانیت، کوارتز­ مونزونیت، گرانودیوریت و دیوریت به سن الیگوسن و الیگومیوسن هستند. پهنه­های دگرسانی در این منطقه به طور عمده شامل پتاسیمی، فیلیک، آرژیلیک، پروپیلیتیک، سیلیسی و کربناتی هستند. کانه­زایی بیشتر به صورت­های پراکنده، رگه-­رگچه­ای متقاطع و جانشینی در دو مرحله جداگانه درونزاد و برونزاد رخ داده است. پیریت کانی سولفیدی عمده درونزاد است که با کانی­های مگنتیت، کالکوپیریت، مولیبدنیت، اسفالریت و گالن همراهی می­شود. مهمترین کانی­های برونزاد در این منطقه شامل هماتیت، گوتیت، لیمونیت، بورنیت، کالکوسیت، کوولیت و مالاکیت هستند که مجموعه کانی­های درونزاد را همراهی می­کنند. در بررسی­ها پنج نوع میانبار سیال تک فاز مایع (L)، تک فاز بخار (V)، دو فازی غنی از مایع (L+V)، دو فازی غنی از بخار (V+L) و چند فازی جامد (L+V+S) در رگه- رگچه­های کوارتز- سولفیدی همراه با دگرسانی­های پتاسیمی، فیلیک و آرژیلیک، شناسایی شدند. دمای همگن شدگی میانبارهای سیال مورد بررسی در گستره 190 تا 530 درجه سانتی­گراد تغییر می­کند و ذوب آخرین بلور یخ در میانبارهای سیال دو فازی و ذوب هالیت در میانبارهای سیال چند فازی نشان­دهنده شوری 4/0 تا 7/59 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام است. بر اساس نتایج ریزدماسنجی میانبارهای سیال، جوشش دوره­ای و رقیق­شدگی توسط آب­های زیرزمینی با خاستگاه جوی سازوکار اصلی در گسترش و تکامل این نشانه محسوب می­شود. ویژگی­ها و الگوی منطقه­بندی دگرسانی، کانه­زایی و میانبارهای سیال نشان می­دهد که نشانه معدنی ییلاق­قره­چی دارای بیشترین شباهت با ذخایر مس پورفیری و رگه­های چندفلزی وابسته به آن است.    

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mineralogical, alteration and fluid inclusion studies of the mineralization index at Yeylaghe Gharachi, northwest of Ahar, NW Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Faramarzi 1
  • Alipour 1
  • Khaleghi 2
  • Abedini 1
1 Department of Geology, Geology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Geology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده [English]

The mineralization index of Yeylaghe Gharachi, as part of Arasbaran metallogenic belt, is located about 25 km northwest of Ahar, East-Azarbaidjan Province, NW Iran. The host rocks of this index consist of composite intrusive rocks with lithologic compositions of granite, quartz monzonite, granodiorite and diorite of Oligocene and Oligo-Miocene age. The alteration zones in this area are mainly potassic, phyllic, argillic, propylitic, silicic and carbonate. Mineralization occurred principally as disseminations, cross-cutting veins-veinlets and replacement in two separate stages of hypogene and supergene. Pyrite is the major hypogene sulfide mineral accompanied by magnetite, chalcopyrite, molybdenite, sphalerite and galena. The main supergene minerals in this area include hematite, goethite, limonite, bornite, chalcocite, covellite and malachite that accompany the hypogene mineral assemblage. In investigation of the phase contents of fluid inclusions in the quartz- sulfide veins-veinlets along with the potassic, phyllic and argillic alterations, five types of fluid inclusions have been recognized: mono-phase liquid (L), mono-phase vapor (V), liquid-rich two-phase (L+V), vapor-rich two-phase (V+L), and multiphase (L+V+S). Homogenization temperatures of the studied fluid inclusions vary from 190 to 530 °C. Considering the last ice-melting temperature of aqueous two-phase inclusions and halite melting temperature in the aqueous multiphase inclusions, the salinity ranges between 0.4 to 59 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Based on the microthermometric results of fluid inclusions, it can be conceived that episodic boiling and dilution by underground water of meteoric origin were the main mechanisms in development and evolution of this index. The zonation pattern of the alteration, mineralization and fluid inclusion data indicate that the Yeylaghe Gharachi mineral index is the most similar to porphyry copper deposits and the associated metallic veins.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mineralization
  • alteration
  • fluid inclusions
  • Yeylaghe Gharachi
  • Ahar

مراجع

  1. [1] Arndt N., Ganino C., "Metals and Society: An Introduction to Economic Geology", Springer (2012) 160. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-22996-1]
  2. [1] Arndt N., Ganino C., "Metals and Society: An Introduction to Economic Geology", Springer (2012) 160. [DOI:10.1007/978-3-642-22996-1]
  3. [2] Roedder E., "Fluid inclusions", Reviews in Mineralogy 12 (1984) 646. [DOI:10.1515/9781501508271]
  4. [2] Roedder E., "Fluid inclusions", Reviews in Mineralogy 12 (1984) 646. [DOI:10.1515/9781501508271]
  5. [3] Kouzmanov K., Pokrovski G.S., "Hydrothermal Controls on Metal Distribution in Porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) Systems", Society of Economic Geologists, Special Publication 16 (2012) 573-618. [DOI:10.5382/SP.16.22]
  6. [3] Kouzmanov K., Pokrovski G.S., "Hydrothermal Controls on Metal Distribution in Porphyry Cu (-Mo-Au) Systems", Society of Economic Geologists, Special Publication 16 (2012) 573-618. [DOI:10.5382/SP.16.22]
  7. [4] Richards J.P., "Magmatic to hydrothermal metal fluxes in convergent and collided margins", Ore Geology Reviews 40 (2011) 1-26. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.006]
  8. [4] Richards J.P., "Magmatic to hydrothermal metal fluxes in convergent and collided margins", Ore Geology Reviews 40 (2011) 1-26. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2011.05.006]
  9. [5] Wilkinson J.J., "Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits", Lithos 55 (2001) 229-272. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00047-5]
  10. [5] Wilkinson J.J., "Fluid inclusions in hydrothermal ore deposits", Lithos 55 (2001) 229-272. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00047-5]
  11. [6] Khaleghi, F., Karimzadeh, Z., "Occurrence, Mineral chemistry and origin of Dumortierite in Ali Javad Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Sheivar Dagh Alteration System, NW Iran", Periodico di Mineralogia 88 (2019) 131-145.
  12. [6] Khaleghi, F., Karimzadeh, Z., "Occurrence, Mineral chemistry and origin of Dumortierite in Ali Javad Porphyry Cu-Au Deposit, Sheivar Dagh Alteration System, NW Iran", Periodico di Mineralogia 88 (2019) 131-145.
  13. [7] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran; a review", The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 52 (1968) 1229-1258. [DOI:10.1306/5D25C4A5-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D]
  14. [7] Stocklin J., "Structural history and tectonics of Iran; a review", The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin 52 (1968) 1229-1258. [DOI:10.1306/5D25C4A5-16C1-11D7-8645000102C1865D]
  15. [8] Nabavi M.H., "An Introduction to Geology of Iran", Geological Survey of Iran publication, Tehran, Iran (1976) 1-110.
  16. [8] Nabavi M.H., "An Introduction to Geology of Iran", Geological Survey of Iran publication, Tehran, Iran (1976) 1-110.
  17. [9] Nezafati N., "Au-Sn-W-Cu-mineralization in the Astaneh-sarband Area, West Central Iran Including a Comparison of the Ores with Ancient Bronze Artifacts from Western Asia", PhD. Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tübingen (2006) 116.
  18. [9] Nezafati N., "Au-Sn-W-Cu-mineralization in the Astaneh-sarband Area, West Central Iran Including a Comparison of the Ores with Ancient Bronze Artifacts from Western Asia", PhD. Eberhard-Karls-Universitat Tübingen (2006) 116.
  19. [10] Aghazadeh M., Hou Z., Badrzadeh Z., Zhou L.,"Temporal-Spatial Distribution and Tectonic Setting of Porphyry Copper Deposits in Iran: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb and Molybdenite Re-Os Geochronology", Ore Geology Reviews 70 (2015) 385-406. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.03.003]
  20. [10] Aghazadeh M., Hou Z., Badrzadeh Z., Zhou L.,"Temporal-Spatial Distribution and Tectonic Setting of Porphyry Copper Deposits in Iran: Constraints from Zircon U-Pb and Molybdenite Re-Os Geochronology", Ore Geology Reviews 70 (2015) 385-406. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2015.03.003]
  21. [11] Mehr Asl (Manufactring Corporation)., "Geologic studies and drillings at Yeylaghe Gharachi", Unpublished (2015) 110 (in Persian).
  22. [11] Mehr Asl (Manufactring Corporation)., "Geologic studies and drillings at Yeylaghe Gharachi", Unpublished (2015) 110 (in Persian).
  23. [12] Simmonds V., Moazzen M., Mathur R., "Constraining the timing of porphyry mineralization in northwest Iran in relation to Lesser Caucasus and Central Iran; Re-Os age data for Sungun porphyry Cu-Mo deposit", International Geology Review 59 (2017) 1561-1574. [DOI:10.1080/00206814.2017.1285258]
  24. [12] Simmonds V., Moazzen M., Mathur R., "Constraining the timing of porphyry mineralization in northwest Iran in relation to Lesser Caucasus and Central Iran; Re-Os age data for Sungun porphyry Cu-Mo deposit", International Geology Review 59 (2017) 1561-1574. [DOI:10.1080/00206814.2017.1285258]
  25. [13] Castro A., Aghazadeh M., Badrzadeh Z., Chichorro M., "Late Eocene-Oligocene Post-Collisional Monzonitic Intrusions from the Alborz Magmatic Belt, NW Iran. An Example of Monzonite Magma Generation from a Metasomatized Mantle Source", Lithos 180-181 (2013)109-127. [DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.08.003]
  26. [13] Castro A., Aghazadeh M., Badrzadeh Z., Chichorro M., "Late Eocene-Oligocene Post-Collisional Monzonitic Intrusions from the Alborz Magmatic Belt, NW Iran. An Example of Monzonite Magma Generation from a Metasomatized Mantle Source", Lithos 180-181 (2013)109-127. [DOI:10.1016/j.lithos.2013.08.003]
  27. [14] Aghazadeh M., "Petrology and Geochemistry of Anzan, Khankandi and Shaivar Dagh granitoids (North and East of Ahar, Eastern Azerbaijan) with References to Associated Mineralization", Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, (2009).
  28. [14] Aghazadeh M., "Petrology and Geochemistry of Anzan, Khankandi and Shaivar Dagh granitoids (North and East of Ahar, Eastern Azerbaijan) with References to Associated Mineralization", Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran, (2009).
  29. [15] Hassanpour S., Sohrabi G., "Major-trace elements geochemical characterization, geochronology and radiogenic isotopes of Eocene magmatic rocks in Anique, Qaradagh pluton, NW Iran", Periodico di Mineralogia 87 (2018) 173-191.
  30. [15] Hassanpour S., Sohrabi G., "Major-trace elements geochemical characterization, geochronology and radiogenic isotopes of Eocene magmatic rocks in Anique, Qaradagh pluton, NW Iran", Periodico di Mineralogia 87 (2018) 173-191.
  31. [16] Aghazadeh M., Castro A., Badrzadeh Z., Vogt K., "Post-Collisional Polycyclic Plutonism from the Zagros Hinterland: The Shaivar Dagh Plutonic Complex, Alborz Belt, Iran", Geological Magazine, 148 (2011) 980-1008. [DOI:10.1017/S0016756811000380]
  32. [16] Aghazadeh M., Castro A., Badrzadeh Z., Vogt K., "Post-Collisional Polycyclic Plutonism from the Zagros Hinterland: The Shaivar Dagh Plutonic Complex, Alborz Belt, Iran", Geological Magazine, 148 (2011) 980-1008. [DOI:10.1017/S0016756811000380]
  33. [17] Shiwei W., Taofa Z., Feng Y., Yu F., Noel C. W., Fengjie L., "Geological and geochemical studies of the Shujiadian porphyry Cu deposit, Anhui Province, Eastern China: Implications for ore genesis", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 103 (2015) 252-275. [DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.08.004]
  34. [17] Shiwei W., Taofa Z., Feng Y., Yu F., Noel C. W., Fengjie L., "Geological and geochemical studies of the Shujiadian porphyry Cu deposit, Anhui Province, Eastern China: Implications for ore genesis", Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 103 (2015) 252-275. [DOI:10.1016/j.jseaes.2014.08.004]
  35. [18] Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W.," Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American Mineralogist, 95 (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
  36. [18] Whitney, D.L. and Evans, B.W.," Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American Mineralogist, 95 (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
  37. [19] Govindarao B., Pruseth K.L., Mishra B., "Sulfide partial melting and chalcopyrite disease: An experimental study", American Mineralogist 103 (2018) 1200-1207. [DOI:10.2138/am-2018-6477]
  38. [19] Govindarao B., Pruseth K.L., Mishra B., "Sulfide partial melting and chalcopyrite disease: An experimental study", American Mineralogist 103 (2018) 1200-1207. [DOI:10.2138/am-2018-6477]
  39. [20] Edwards A.B., "Textures of the ore minerals and their significance", 2nd ed, Melbourne: Australian Inst. Mning Metallurgys (1965) 242.
  40. [20] Edwards A.B., "Textures of the ore minerals and their significance", 2nd ed, Melbourne: Australian Inst. Mning Metallurgys (1965) 242.
  41. [21] Shepherd T. J., Rankin A. H., Alderton D. H. M., "A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies", Blackie and Son, Glasgow (1985) 239.
  42. [21] Shepherd T. J., Rankin A. H., Alderton D. H. M., "A Practical Guide to Fluid Inclusion Studies", Blackie and Son, Glasgow (1985) 239.
  43. [22] Rusk B.G., Reed M.H., Dille J.H., "Fluid inclusion evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution in the porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit at Butte, Montana", Economic Geology 103 (2008) 307-333. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.2.307]
  44. [22] Rusk B.G., Reed M.H., Dille J.H., "Fluid inclusion evidence for magmatic-hydrothermal fluid evolution in the porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit at Butte, Montana", Economic Geology 103 (2008) 307-333. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.103.2.307]
  45. [23] Henley R.W., McNabb A., "Magmatic vapor plumes and groundwater interaction in porphyry copper emplacement", Economic Geology 73 (1978) 1-20. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.73.1.1]
  46. [23] Henley R.W., McNabb A., "Magmatic vapor plumes and groundwater interaction in porphyry copper emplacement", Economic Geology 73 (1978) 1-20. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.73.1.1]
  47. [24] Morales S.R., Both R.A., Golding S.D., "A fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Moonta copper-gold deposits, South Australia: evidence for fluid immiscibility in a magmatic hydrothermal system", Geology 192 (2002) 211-226. [DOI:10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00197-3]
  48. [24] Morales S.R., Both R.A., Golding S.D., "A fluid inclusion and stable isotope study of the Moonta copper-gold deposits, South Australia: evidence for fluid immiscibility in a magmatic hydrothermal system", Geology 192 (2002) 211-226. [DOI:10.1016/S0009-2541(02)00197-3]
  49. [25] Ulrich T., Günther D., Heinrich C.A., "Evolution of a porphyry Cu-Au deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions, Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina", Economic Geology, 96 (2001) 1743-1774. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.96.8.1743]
  50. [25] Ulrich T., Günther D., Heinrich C.A., "Evolution of a porphyry Cu-Au deposit, based on LA-ICP-MS analysis of fluid inclusions, Bajo de la Alumbrera, Argentina", Economic Geology, 96 (2001) 1743-1774. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.96.8.1743]
  51. [26] Nash T.J., "Fluid inclusion petrology data from porphyry copper deposits and applications to exploration", U.S. Geological Survey Professional (1976) 907-923. [DOI:10.3133/pp907D]
  52. [26] Nash T.J., "Fluid inclusion petrology data from porphyry copper deposits and applications to exploration", U.S. Geological Survey Professional (1976) 907-923. [DOI:10.3133/pp907D]
  53. [27] Bodnar, R.J., Burnham, C.W., and Sterner, S.M., "Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. III. Determination of phase equilibrium properties in the system H2O-NaCl to 1000°C and 1500 bars", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49 (1985) 1861-1873. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90081-X]
  54. [27] Bodnar, R.J., Burnham, C.W., and Sterner, S.M., "Synthetic fluid inclusions in natural quartz. III. Determination of phase equilibrium properties in the system H2O-NaCl to 1000°C and 1500 bars", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 49 (1985) 1861-1873. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90081-X]
  55. [28] Sourirajan, S., and Kennedy, G.C., "The system H2O-NaCl at elevated temperatures and pressures", American Journal of Science, 260 (1962) 115-141. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.260.2.115]
  56. [28] Sourirajan, S., and Kennedy, G.C., "The system H2O-NaCl at elevated temperatures and pressures", American Journal of Science, 260 (1962) 115-141. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.260.2.115]
  57. [29] Fournier, R.O., "Hydrothermal processes related to movement of fluid from plastic into brittle rock in the magmatic-epithermal environment", Economic Geology, 94 (1999) 1193-1211. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.94.8.1193]
  58. [29] Fournier, R.O., "Hydrothermal processes related to movement of fluid from plastic into brittle rock in the magmatic-epithermal environment", Economic Geology, 94 (1999) 1193-1211. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.94.8.1193]
  59. [30] Pirajno F., "Hydrothermal processes and mineral system", Springer Science, New York (2009) 1273 p. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-8613-7]
  60. [30] Pirajno F., "Hydrothermal processes and mineral system", Springer Science, New York (2009) 1273 p. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-8613-7]
  61. [31] Roedder E.,"Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado", Economic Geology 66 (1971) 98-120. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.98]
  62. [31] Roedder E.,"Fluid inclusion studies on the porphyry-type ore deposits at Bingham, Utah, Butte, Montana, and Climax, Colorado", Economic Geology 66 (1971) 98-120. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.66.1.98]
  63. [32] Reeves E.P., Seewald J.S., Saccocia P., Walsh E., Bach W., Craddock P.R., Shanks W.C., Sylva S.P., Pichler, T., Rosner M., "Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2010) 1088-1123. [DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008]
  64. [32] Reeves E.P., Seewald J.S., Saccocia P., Walsh E., Bach W., Craddock P.R., Shanks W.C., Sylva S.P., Pichler, T., Rosner M., "Geochemistry of hydrothermal fluids from the PACMANUS, Northeast Pual and Vienna Woods hydrothermal fields, Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea", Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 75 (2010) 1088-1123. [DOI:10.1016/j.gca.2010.11.008]
  65. [33] Norton, D.L.,"Sourcelines, sourceregions, and path lines for fluids in hydrothermal systems related to cooling plutons", Economic Geology 73 (1978) 21-28. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.73.1.21]
  66. [33] Norton, D.L.,"Sourcelines, sourceregions, and path lines for fluids in hydrothermal systems related to cooling plutons", Economic Geology 73 (1978) 21-28. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.73.1.21]
  67. [34] Norton D.L., "Fluid and heat transport phenomena typical of copper-bearing pluton environments, southeastern Arizona. In: Titley, S. R., ed., Advances in Geology of Porphyry Copper Deposits", Southwestern North America: Tucson, AZ, United States, University Arizona Press (1982) 59-72.
  68. [34] Norton D.L., "Fluid and heat transport phenomena typical of copper-bearing pluton environments, southeastern Arizona. In: Titley, S. R., ed., Advances in Geology of Porphyry Copper Deposits", Southwestern North America: Tucson, AZ, United States, University Arizona Press (1982) 59-72.
  69. [35] Hedenquist J.W., Arribas A., Reynolds J., "Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal system: Far Southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines", Economic Geology 93 (1998) 373-404. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.4.373]
  70. [35] Hedenquist J.W., Arribas A., Reynolds J., "Evolution of an intrusion-centered hydrothermal system: Far Southeast-Lepanto porphyry and epithermal Cu-Au deposits, Philippines", Economic Geology 93 (1998) 373-404. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.93.4.373]
مجله بلورشناسی و کانی شناسی ایران
دوره 29، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 81
فروردین 1400
صفحه 129-148

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 اسفند 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 تیر 1399

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار