بررسی کانی‌سازی مس±طلا نوع رگه‌ای رخداد معدنی سنگان (جنوب شرق تربت حیدریه)، براساس ویژگی‌های کانی‌شناسی، زمین‌شیمی و سیال‌های درگیر

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زمین‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

2 گروه پژوهشی اکتشاف دخایر معدنی شرق ایران، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران

چکیده

گستره اکتشافی سنگان واقع در جنوب شرق تربت­حیدریه در استان خراسان رضوی، از نظر زمین­شناسی ناحیه­ای در نیمه شرقی کمربند ماگمایی خواف-کاشمر-بردسکن قرار دارد. قدیمی­ترین واحد منطقه رسوب­های دگرگونی سازند شمشک (اسلیت، شیست، کوارتزیت) هستند که مورد نفوذ توده گرانیتی کافردوغ قرار گرفته­اند. دایک­هایی با ترکیب کوارتز مونزوسینیت و دیوریت در آخرین مرحله فعالیت ماگمایی در این واحدها نفوذ کرده­اند. کانه­زایی با کنترل ساختاری در راستای گسل­های فرعی منشعب شده از گسل بزرگ درونه با روندهای کلی شمال شمالی غربی-جنوب جنوب شرقی تا غرب شمال غربی-شرق جنوب شرقی (شیب 60 تا 90 درجه به سمت جنوب و غرب) و شمال شرقی-جنوب غربی (شیب 50 تا 70 درجه به سمت شرق) شکل گرفته است. بیشتر ذخیره معدنی در پهنه­های گسلی واحد دگرگونی شمشک در نتیجه ته­نشست از سیال گرمابی کانه­دار در فضای خالی گسل­ها به عنوان سیمان قطعات برش گسلی تشکیل شده است. کانه­زایی درونزاد در قالب کالکوپیریت به عنوان کانه اصلی و به مقدار کمتر پیریت همراه با کانی­های باطله کوارتز و باریت دیده می­شود. کانی­های ثانویه مالاکیت، کریزوکلا، کالکوسیت، نئوتوسیت و اکسیدهای ثانویه آهن کانی­سازی پهنه اکسیدی و برونزاد رگه­ها را تشکیل می­دهند. ساخت و بافت­های رگه­ای-برشی، پرکننده فضای خالی، رگچه­ای و جانشینی ثانویه از ویژگی­های رگه­های کانی­سازی این منطقه هستند. سیلیسی شدن دگرسانی اصلی در ارتباط با کانه­زایی است. نتایج زمین شیمی رگه­ها، افزون بر مقدار بالای عنصر مس (تا بیش از 5 درصد)، ناهنجاری قابل توجه طلا تا 4/0 گرم در تن را نشان می­دهد، در حالیکه سایر عناصر فلزی مهم ناهنجاری ندارند. با این وجود، عناصر مس، سرب، روی، نقره و مولیبدن همبستگی زمین شیمیایی مثبت خوبی دارند، اما طلا با بیشتر عناصر (به جز نقره) همبستگی نشان نمی­دهد. بررسی سیال­های درگیر اولیه دوفازی غنی از مایع کانی کوارتز و باریت به همراه نتایج کانه­نگاری دو فاز کانه­زایی درونزاد را نشان می­دهد. بر این اساس، کانی­سازی اولیه در فاز اصلی از سیال گرمابی درونزاد با دمای 274 تا 318 درجه سانتیگراد و شوری 3/7 تا 12 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام شکل گرفته است. فاز تاخیری مربوط به کانه­زایی باریت از سیالی با دمای 200 تا 259 درجه سانتیگراد و شوری 2/10 تا 4/11 درصد وزنی معادل نمک طعام تشکیل شده است. ­­داده­های دما و شوری نقش فرایندهای آمیختگی سیال­ها و رقیق­شدگی توسط سیال­های جوی سرد و رقیق را در تشکیل ذخیره معدنی نشان می­دهد. براساس ویژگی­های کانی­شناسی، ساخت، بافت، دگرسانی، زمین ­شیمی رگه­ها و نتایج بررسی سیال­های درگیر، رخداد معدنی سنگان بیشترین شباهت را با کانسارهای رگه­ای-گرمابی نوع مس±طلا فراگرمایی نشان می­دهد.      

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of vein-type Cu±Au mineralization in Sangan mineral occurrence (southeastern Torbat-e-Heydarieh), Based on mineralogy, geochemistry and fluid inclusion

نویسندگان [English]

  • Gholami 1
  • Malekzadeh Shafaroudi 2
  • Karimpour 2
1 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
2 Department of Geology, Research Center for Ore Deposit of Eastern Iran, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Sangan prospect area is located northeast of Torbat-e-Heydarieh in Khorasan Razavi Province and in relation to regional geology, it is situated in eastern section of Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan magmatic belt. Metamorphosed sediments of the Shemshak Formation (slate, schist, quartzite) is the oldest unit, which is intruded by Kafardoogh granitic intrusion. The dikes of quartz monzosyenitic and dioritic composition in the last magmatism stage have intruded into the fore mentioned units. Structurally-controlled mineralization has formed along subsidiary faults, branching from the Doruneh major fault, with general trends of NNW-SSE to WNW-ESE (dipping 60-90 degrees southerly and westerly) and NE-SE (dipping 50-70 degrees easterly). The major parts of mineral deposit has occurred in fault zones of metamorphosed Shemshak Formation due to deposition of mineralizing hydrothermal fluid in open spaces of faults as cement of fault breccia fragments. The hypogene mineralization is characterized by chalcopyrite as the main ore mineral and minor amount of pyrite together with quartz and barite as gangue minerals. Malachite, chrysocolla, chalcocite, neotocite and secondary iron oxides constitute the mineralization of oxidation and supergene zone. The occurrence of structures and textures as vein-breccia, open space filling, veinlets and secondary replacement are characteristics of mineralized veins in this area. Silicification is the principal alteration associated with mineralization. The geochemical survey of veins indicates not only high content of Cu (more than 5 percent), but also considerable anomaly of Au up to 0.4 ppm while other significant metallic elements are not anomalous. Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag and Mo have good positive geochemical correlation but Au does not show correlation with other elements (except Ag). Studying two phase liquid-rich primary fluid inclusions of quartz and barite along with mineralographic studies demonstrate two phase of hypogene mineralization. Accordingly, the main phase of primary mineralization has formed from a hypogene hydrothermal fluid at temperature of 274°C to 318°C and salinity of 7.3 to 12 wt% NaCl equivalent. The late phase, which is related to barite mineralization, has been derived from a fluid at temperatures between 200°C to 259°C and salinity of 10.2 to 11.4 wt% NaCl equivalent. The temperature and salinity data represents the role of fluid mixing and dilution by cool-dilute meteoric fluids as ore-forming processes. Based on mineralogy, structure, texture, alteration, vein geochemistry and fluid inclusion studies, the Sangan mineral occurrence most resembles vein-hydrothermal deposits of epithermal Cu±Au type.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • mineralogy
  • Geochemistry
  • fluid Inclusion
  • Sangan mineral occurrence
  • epithermal Cu±Au
  • Khaf-Kashmar-Bardaskan belt

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 01 بهمن 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 02 اردیبهشت 1399
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 07 خرداد 1399

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