Detection of zinc-lead mineralization and associated alteration in the Mehdiabad deposit, Yazd province, using ASTER and Landsat 8-OLI satellite images

Document Type : Original Article

Author

Abstract

The Mehdiabad zinc-lead deposit, which is located at the East of Mehriz city, is a carbonate-hosted ore deposit lying in the dolomitic rocks of Taft Formation. This deposit is composed of oxide-carbonate and sulfide ores. Different spectral processing techniques were applied to ASTER and Landsat 8-OLI multispectral images to detect different mineralization zones and associated alterations. In OLI image, Principal Component Analysis, Independent Component Analysis, and Band Combinations consisting of Band Ratios were successful for detecting mineralization zones and associated alterations. In ASTER image, the best results were obtained from Principal Component Analysis and Linear Spectral Unmixing methods. Based on the results of this study, zinc-lead mineralization occurred in the areas where gossan and siderite alteration zones overlap. The results of the spectral techniques were confirmed by field studies and X-Ray Diffraction analysis of the obtained samples.

Keywords

References

  1. [1] Rowan L. C., Wetlaufer P. H., Goetz A. F. H., Stewart J. H., "Discrimination of rock types and detection of hydrothermally altered areas in south-central Nevada by the use of computer-enhanced ERTS images," 1976.
  2. [1] Rowan L. C., Wetlaufer P. H., Goetz A. F. H., Stewart J. H., "Discrimination of rock types and detection of hydrothermally altered areas in south-central Nevada by the use of computer-enhanced ERTS images," 1976.
  3. [2] Rowan L. C., Goetz A. F., Ashley R. P., "Discrimination of hydrothermally altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images," Geophysics, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 522-535, 1977. [DOI:10.1190/1.1440723]
  4. [2] Rowan L. C., Goetz A. F., Ashley R. P., "Discrimination of hydrothermally altered and unaltered rocks in visible and near infrared multispectral images," Geophysics, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 522-535, 1977. [DOI:10.1190/1.1440723]
  5. [3] Abrams M. J., Brown D., Lepley L., Sadowski R., "Remote sensing for porphyry copper deposits in southern Arizona," Econ. Geol., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 591-604, 1983. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.591]
  6. [3] Abrams M. J., Brown D., Lepley L., Sadowski R., "Remote sensing for porphyry copper deposits in southern Arizona," Econ. Geol., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 591-604, 1983. [DOI:10.2113/gsecongeo.78.4.591]
  7. [4] Hunt G. R., "Spectral signatures of particulate minerals in the visible and near infrared," Geophysics, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 501-513, 1977. [DOI:10.1190/1.1440721]
  8. [4] Hunt G. R., "Spectral signatures of particulate minerals in the visible and near infrared," Geophysics, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 501-513, 1977. [DOI:10.1190/1.1440721]
  9. [5] Crosta A. P., Souza Filho C. R. De, Azevedo F., Brodie C., "Targeting key alteration minerals in epithermal deposits in Patagonia, Argentina, using ASTERASTER imagery and principal component analysis," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 24, no. 21, pp. 4233-4240, 2003. [DOI:10.1080/0143116031000152291]
  10. [5] Crosta A. P., Souza Filho C. R. De, Azevedo F., Brodie C., "Targeting key alteration minerals in epithermal deposits in Patagonia, Argentina, using ASTERASTER imagery and principal component analysis," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 24, no. 21, pp. 4233-4240, 2003. [DOI:10.1080/0143116031000152291]
  11. [6] Di Tommaso I., Rubinstein N., "Hydrothermal alteration mapping using ASTER data in the Infiernillo porphyry deposit, Argentina," Ore Geol. Rev., vol. 32, no. 1-2, pp. 275-290, 2007. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.004]
  12. [6] Di Tommaso I., Rubinstein N., "Hydrothermal alteration mapping using ASTER data in the Infiernillo porphyry deposit, Argentina," Ore Geol. Rev., vol. 32, no. 1-2, pp. 275-290, 2007. [DOI:10.1016/j.oregeorev.2006.05.004]
  13. [7] Adiri Z., El Harti A., Jellouli A., Maacha L., Bachaoui E. M., "Lithological mapping using Landsat 8 OLI and Terra ASTER multispectral data in the Bas Drâa inlier, Moroccan Anti Atlas," J. Appl. Remote Sens., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 016005, 2016. [DOI:10.1117/1.JRS.10.016005]
  14. [7] Adiri Z., El Harti A., Jellouli A., Maacha L., Bachaoui E. M., "Lithological mapping using Landsat 8 OLI and Terra ASTER multispectral data in the Bas Drâa inlier, Moroccan Anti Atlas," J. Appl. Remote Sens., vol. 10, no. 1, p. 016005, 2016. [DOI:10.1117/1.JRS.10.016005]
  15. [8] Ranjbar H., Shahriari H., "Comparison of ETM+ and ASTER data for hydrothermal alteration mapping in the central part of the Dehaj-Sarduyeh belt, Kerman Province.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 367-382, Oct. 2006.
  16. [8] Ranjbar H., Shahriari H., "Comparison of ETM+ and ASTER data for hydrothermal alteration mapping in the central part of the Dehaj-Sarduyeh belt, Kerman Province.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 367-382, Oct. 2006.
  17. [9] Mohammadzadeh M. J., Falahat R., "Application of ET~ image in detecting alteration halos and discriminating lithological units in Mianeh (eastAzarbayjan)," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 439-452, Oct. 2007.
  18. [9] Mohammadzadeh M. J., Falahat R., "Application of ET~ image in detecting alteration halos and discriminating lithological units in Mianeh (eastAzarbayjan)," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 439-452, Oct. 2007.
  19. [10] Hassan S. M., Ramadan T. M., "Mapping of the late Neoproterozoic Basement rocks and detection of the gold-bearing alteration zones at Abu Marawat-Semna area, EASTERn Desert, Egypt using remote sensing data," Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 4641-4656, 2015. [DOI:10.1007/s12517-014-1562-0]
  20. [10] Hassan S. M., Ramadan T. M., "Mapping of the late Neoproterozoic Basement rocks and detection of the gold-bearing alteration zones at Abu Marawat-Semna area, EASTERn Desert, Egypt using remote sensing data," Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 4641-4656, 2015. [DOI:10.1007/s12517-014-1562-0]
  21. [11] Yang M., Zhang Z., Yao A., Zhou M., Ren G., "Application of remotely sensed data in detecting zinc-lead bearing mineralized zones in Westkunlun Huoshaoyun area," in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018, vol. 1053, p. 012107. [DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1053/1/012107]
  22. [11] Yang M., Zhang Z., Yao A., Zhou M., Ren G., "Application of remotely sensed data in detecting zinc-lead bearing mineralized zones in Westkunlun Huoshaoyun area," in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2018, vol. 1053, p. 012107. [DOI:10.1088/1742-6596/1053/1/012107]
  23. [12] Markham B. L. et al., "Landsat data continuity mission calibration and validation," 2008.
  24. [12] Markham B. L. et al., "Landsat data continuity mission calibration and validation," 2008.
  25. [13] Beiranvand Pour A., Hashim M., "Hydrothermal alteration mapping from Landsat-8 data, Sar Cheshmeh copper mining district, south-eASTERn Islamic Republic of Iran," J. Taibah Univ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 155-166, 2015. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.11.008]
  26. [13] Beiranvand Pour A., Hashim M., "Hydrothermal alteration mapping from Landsat-8 data, Sar Cheshmeh copper mining district, south-eASTERn Islamic Republic of Iran," J. Taibah Univ. Sci., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 155-166, 2015. [DOI:10.1016/j.jtusci.2014.11.008]
  27. [14] Pournamdari M., Hashim M., "Detection of chromite bearing mineralized zones in Abdasht ophiolite complex using ASTER and ETM+ remote sensing data," Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1973-1983, 2014. [DOI:10.1007/s12517-013-0927-0]
  28. [14] Pournamdari M., Hashim M., "Detection of chromite bearing mineralized zones in Abdasht ophiolite complex using ASTER and ETM+ remote sensing data," Arab. J. Geosci., vol. 7, no. 5, pp. 1973-1983, 2014. [DOI:10.1007/s12517-013-0927-0]
  29. [15] Maghfouri S., Hosseinzadeh M. R., Rajabi A., Choulet F., "A review of major non-sulfide zinc deposits in Iran," Geosci. Front., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 249-272, 2018, doi:

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2017.04.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.gsf.2017.04.003.]
  30. [15] Maghfouri S., Hosseinzadeh M. R., Rajabi A., Choulet F., "A review of major non-sulfide zinc deposits in Iran," Geosci. Front., vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 249-272, 2018, doi:

    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2017.04.003 [DOI:10.1016/j.gsf.2017.04.003.]
  31. [16] Ghasemi M., Momenzadeh M., Yaghubpur A., Mirshokraei A. A., "Mineralogy Studies of Mehdiabad Zinc-Lead Deposit- Yazd, Central Iran," J. Geosci., vol. 19, no. 73, pp. 89-98, 2010, doi: 10.22071/gsj.2010.57204.
  32. [16] Ghasemi M., Momenzadeh M., Yaghubpur A., Mirshokraei A. A., "Mineralogy Studies of Mehdiabad Zinc-Lead Deposit- Yazd, Central Iran," J. Geosci., vol. 19, no. 73, pp. 89-98, 2010, doi: 10.22071/gsj.2010.57204.
  33. [17] Ghasemi M., Mohammadzadeh M., Yaghubpur A., Mirshokraei A. A., "Mineralogy and Textural Studies of Mehdiabad Zinc-Lead Deposit- Yazd, Central Iran.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 389-404, Oct. 2008.
  34. [17] Ghasemi M., Mohammadzadeh M., Yaghubpur A., Mirshokraei A. A., "Mineralogy and Textural Studies of Mehdiabad Zinc-Lead Deposit- Yazd, Central Iran.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 389-404, Oct. 2008.
  35. [18] Morshedy A. H., Mojtahedzadeh S. H., Kouhsari A. H., "Geometrical modeling of fluid inclusion to predict the microthermometric properties: a case study at the Mehdiabad Pb-Zn deposit," J. Econ. Geol., vol. 11, no. 1, 2019.
  36. [18] Morshedy A. H., Mojtahedzadeh S. H., Kouhsari A. H., "Geometrical modeling of fluid inclusion to predict the microthermometric properties: a case study at the Mehdiabad Pb-Zn deposit," J. Econ. Geol., vol. 11, no. 1, 2019.
  37. [19] Reichert J., Borg J., Rashidi B., "mineralogy of Non - sulphied ore from the mehdi abad zinc - lead deposit, centeral. iran.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 209-217, Oct. 2003.
  38. [19] Reichert J., Borg J., Rashidi B., "mineralogy of Non - sulphied ore from the mehdi abad zinc - lead deposit, centeral. iran.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 209-217, Oct. 2003.
  39. [20] Nabavi M. H., "Yazd 1:250, 000 quadrangle geological map: Geological Survey of Iran," Geological Survey of Iran, 1975.
  40. [20] Nabavi M. H., "Yazd 1:250, 000 quadrangle geological map: Geological Survey of Iran," Geological Survey of Iran, 1975.
  41. [21] Amini B., "Bafq 1:100, 000 quadrangle geological map," Geological Survey of Iran, 2001.
  42. [21] Amini B., "Bafq 1:100, 000 quadrangle geological map," Geological Survey of Iran, 2001.
  43. [22] Jalali A., Gharib F., "Fahraj 1:100,000 quadrangle geological map," Geological Survey of Iran, 2004.
  44. [22] Jalali A., Gharib F., "Fahraj 1:100,000 quadrangle geological map," Geological Survey of Iran, 2004.
  45. [23] Majidifard M. R., Vaziri S. H., "Bahadoran 1:100,000 quadrangle geological map," Geological Survey of Iran, 2000.
  46. [23] Majidifard M. R., Vaziri S. H., "Bahadoran 1:100,000 quadrangle geological map," Geological Survey of Iran, 2000.
  47. [24] Alavipanah S., K., Modern Remote Sensing Interpretation of Satellite Images and Aerial Photographs. University of Tehran Publication, 2009.
  48. [24] Alavipanah S., K., Modern Remote Sensing Interpretation of Satellite Images and Aerial Photographs. University of Tehran Publication, 2009.
  49. [25] Mahmoudishadi S., Malian A., Hosseinali F., "COMPARING INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS WITH PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN DETECTING ALTERATIONS OF PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT (CASE STUDY: ARDESTAN AREA, CENTRAL IRAN).," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 42, 2017. [DOI:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W4-161-2017]
  50. [25] Mahmoudishadi S., Malian A., Hosseinali F., "COMPARING INDEPENDENT COMPONENT ANALYSIS WITH PRINCIPLE COMPONENT ANALYSIS IN DETECTING ALTERATIONS OF PORPHYRY COPPER DEPOSIT (CASE STUDY: ARDESTAN AREA, CENTRAL IRAN).," Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spat. Inf. Sci., vol. 42, 2017. [DOI:10.5194/isprs-archives-XLII-4-W4-161-2017]
  51. [26] Kumar C., Shetty A., Raval S., Sharma R., Ray P. C., "Lithological discrimination and mapping using ASTER SWIR Data in the Udaipur area of Rajasthan, India," Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 180-188, 2015. [DOI:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.06.022]
  52. [26] Kumar C., Shetty A., Raval S., Sharma R., Ray P. C., "Lithological discrimination and mapping using ASTER SWIR Data in the Udaipur area of Rajasthan, India," Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., vol. 11, pp. 180-188, 2015. [DOI:10.1016/j.proeps.2015.06.022]
  53. [27] Hasanlou M., Samadzadegan F., "Comparative study of intrinsic dimensionality estimation and dimension reduction techniques on hyperspectral images using K-NN classifier," IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1046-1050, 2012. [DOI:10.1109/LGRS.2012.2189547]
  54. [27] Hasanlou M., Samadzadegan F., "Comparative study of intrinsic dimensionality estimation and dimension reduction techniques on hyperspectral images using K-NN classifier," IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett., vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 1046-1050, 2012. [DOI:10.1109/LGRS.2012.2189547]
  55. [28] Luo G., Chen G., Tian L., Qin K., Qian S.-E., "Minimum noise fraction versus principal component analysis as a preprocessing step for hyperspectral imagery denoising," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 106-116, 2016. [DOI:10.1080/07038992.2016.1160772]
  56. [28] Luo G., Chen G., Tian L., Qin K., Qian S.-E., "Minimum noise fraction versus principal component analysis as a preprocessing step for hyperspectral imagery denoising," Can. J. Remote Sens., vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 106-116, 2016. [DOI:10.1080/07038992.2016.1160772]
  57. [29] Green A. A., Berman M., Switzer P., Craig M., "A transformation for ordering multispectral data in terms of image quality with implications for noise removal," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 65-74, 1988. [DOI:10.1109/36.3001]
  58. [29] Green A. A., Berman M., Switzer P., Craig M., "A transformation for ordering multispectral data in terms of image quality with implications for noise removal," IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 65-74, 1988. [DOI:10.1109/36.3001]
  59. [30] Boardman J. W., "Leveraging the high dimensionality of AVIRIS data for improved sub-pixel target unmixing and rejection of false positives: mixture tuned matched filtering," in Summaries of the seventh JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop, JPL Publication, 1998, 1998, vol. 97, pp. 55-56.
  60. [30] Boardman J. W., "Leveraging the high dimensionality of AVIRIS data for improved sub-pixel target unmixing and rejection of false positives: mixture tuned matched filtering," in Summaries of the seventh JPL Airborne Geoscience Workshop, JPL Publication, 1998, 1998, vol. 97, pp. 55-56.
  61. [31] Atkinson P. M., Cutler M. E. J., Lewis H., "Mapping sub-pixel proportional land cover with AVHRR imagery," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 917-935, 1997. [DOI:10.1080/014311697218836]
  62. [31] Atkinson P. M., Cutler M. E. J., Lewis H., "Mapping sub-pixel proportional land cover with AVHRR imagery," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 917-935, 1997. [DOI:10.1080/014311697218836]
  63. [32] Wu C., Murray A. T., "Estimating impervious surface distribution by spectral mixture analysis," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 493-505, 2003. [DOI:10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00136-0]
  64. [32] Wu C., Murray A. T., "Estimating impervious surface distribution by spectral mixture analysis," Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 84, no. 4, pp. 493-505, 2003. [DOI:10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00136-0]
  65. [33] Akbari Z., Rasa I., Mohajel M., Adabi M. H., Y. A, "Hydrothermal Alteration of Ahangaran Deposits, West of IranUsing ASTER Spectral Analysis," Int. Geoinformatics Res. Dev., 2015.
  66. [33] Akbari Z., Rasa I., Mohajel M., Adabi M. H., Y. A, "Hydrothermal Alteration of Ahangaran Deposits, West of IranUsing ASTER Spectral Analysis," Int. Geoinformatics Res. Dev., 2015.
  67. [34] Janati M., Niroomand Jadidi M., Valadanzoj M. J., Mohammadzadeh A., "Extraction of pure pixels using feature-based space Physical Parameters to Estimate Surface Coverage Subpixel," J. Spat. Plan., vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 1-20, 2013.
  68. [34] Janati M., Niroomand Jadidi M., Valadanzoj M. J., Mohammadzadeh A., "Extraction of pure pixels using feature-based space Physical Parameters to Estimate Surface Coverage Subpixel," J. Spat. Plan., vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 1-20, 2013.
  69. [35] Fisher P., "The pixel: a snare and a delusion," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 679-685, 1997. [DOI:10.1080/014311697219015]
  70. [35] Fisher P., "The pixel: a snare and a delusion," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 679-685, 1997. [DOI:10.1080/014311697219015]
  71. [36] Cracknell A. P., "Review article synergy in remote sensing-what's in a pixel?," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2025-2047, 1998. [DOI:10.1080/014311698214848]
  72. [36] Cracknell A. P., "Review article synergy in remote sensing-what's in a pixel?," Int. J. Remote Sens., vol. 19, no. 11, pp. 2025-2047, 1998. [DOI:10.1080/014311698214848]
  73. [37] Foody G. M., "Sub-pixel methods in remote sensing," in Remote sensing image analysis: Including the spatial domain, Springer, 2004, pp. 37-49. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-2560-0_3]
  74. [37] Foody G. M., "Sub-pixel methods in remote sensing," in Remote sensing image analysis: Including the spatial domain, Springer, 2004, pp. 37-49. [DOI:10.1007/978-1-4020-2560-0_3]
  75. [38] Entezari Harsini A., Mazaheri S. A., Saadat S., "Petrography, mineralogy, alteration zones and geochemical exploration in Golcheshmeh Area, East of Iran.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 639-650, Jan. 2016.
  76. [38] Entezari Harsini A., Mazaheri S. A., Saadat S., "Petrography, mineralogy, alteration zones and geochemical exploration in Golcheshmeh Area, East of Iran.," Iran. J. Crystallogr. Mineral., vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 639-650, Jan. 2016.
  77. [39] Beiranvand Pour A., et al., "Application of Multi-Sensor Satellite Data for Exploration of Zn-Pb Sulfide Mineralization in the Franklinian Basin, North Greenland," Remote Sens., vol. 10, no. 8, p. 1186, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.3390/rs10081186. [DOI:10.3390/rs10081186]
  78. [39] Beiranvand Pour A., et al., "Application of Multi-Sensor Satellite Data for Exploration of Zn-Pb Sulfide Mineralization in the Franklinian Basin, North Greenland," Remote Sens., vol. 10, no. 8, p. 1186, Aug. 2018, doi: 10.3390/rs10081186. [DOI:10.3390/rs10081186]
Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy
Volume 28, Issue 3 - Serial Number 79
October 2020
Pages 697-710

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 26 October 2019
  • Revise Date: 24 November 2019
  • Accept Date: 15 January 2020

Share

How to cite

Statistics