ویژگی‌های زمین شیمیایی و شیمی کانی کلینوپیروکسن سنگ‌های بازالتی منطقه گشت-ماسوله کوه‌های البرز

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشگاه پتسدام

چکیده

سنگ­های بازالتی در منطقه گشت-ماسوله در جنوب غرب فومن، استان گیلان، در واحدهای ژوراسیک و نیز واحدهای کرتاسه پسین در منطقه گسترش دارند. براساس شیمی سنگ کل، عدد منیزیم این سنگ­ها بین 30 و 7/31 است. الگوی عناصر خاکی نادر (REE)، غنی شدگی REE سبک را نسبت به REE سنگین نشان می­دهد (8/9 – 7/7  LaN/YbN =). ناهنجاری منفی Nb، Ta و Ti در نمودار عنکبوتی عناصر جزئی بهنجار شده به گوشته اولیه بیانگر تشکیل مذاب این سنگ­ها در محیط وابسته به قوس است. ویژگی شیمیایی درشت بلور کلینوپیروکسن با ترکیب دیوپسید نشانگر تبلور این کانی از یک ماگمای آهکی قلیایی در یک محیط وابسته به کشش است. براساس ویژگی­های زمین شیمیایی و شیمی کانی، این سنگ­ها در یک محیط کششی متبلور شده­اند و همچنین دارای ویژگی­های محیط قوس هستند که به ارث رسیده از فرورانش پیشین به احتمال بسیار فرورانش پوسته اقیانوسی تتیس کهن، در شمال ایران در رشته کوه البرز است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Geochemistry and clinopyroxene mineral chemistry of basalts in the Gasht-Masuleh area, Alborz Mountains

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rezaei 1
  • Moazzen 1
  • Timmerman 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Basalts in the Gasht-Masuleh area crop out in the SW Fuman, Gilan Province, and are exposed in the Jurassic and Late Cretaceous units in this area. Whole rock chemistry shows that the rock samples have Mg numbers between 30 and 31.7. Rare earth element patterns (REE) indicate light REE (LREE) enrichment and heavy REE (HREE) depletion (LaN/YbN= 7.7-9.8). Nb, Ta and Ti negative anomalies in primitive mantle normalized multi-element diagrams indicate the formation of parent melt in an arc-related tectonic setting. Clinopyroxene phenocrysts have diopside compositions, crystallized from a calc-alkaline basic parent melt in an extensional tectonic setting. These geochemical features indicate that the basalts of the Gasht-Masuleh area probably formed in an extensional related tectonic setting and inherited their arc signatures from a previous subduction event, possibly of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean crust subduction.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Alborz Mts
  • Gasht-Masuleh
  • basalt
  • clinopyroxene
  • extensional tectonic setting

مراجع

  1. [1] Alavi M., "Tectonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz mountain system in northern Iran", Journal of Geodynamics, 21(1), 1-33 (1996). [DOI:10.1016/0264-3707(95)00009-7]
  2. [1] Alavi M., "Tectonostratigraphic synthesis and structural style of the Alborz mountain system in northern Iran", Journal of Geodynamics, 21(1), 1-33 (1996). [DOI:10.1016/0264-3707(95)00009-7]
  3. [2] Berberian M., King G., "Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18(2) (1981) 210-265. [DOI:10.1139/e81-019]
  4. [2] Berberian M., King G., "Towards a paleogeography and tectonic evolution of Iran", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 18(2) (1981) 210-265. [DOI:10.1139/e81-019]
  5. [3] Brunet M-F., Korotaev MV., Ershov AV., Nikishin AM., "The South Caspian Basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modelling", Sedimentary Geology 156(1-4) (2003) 119-148. [DOI:10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00285-3]
  6. [3] Brunet M-F., Korotaev MV., Ershov AV., Nikishin AM., "The South Caspian Basin: a review of its evolution from subsidence modelling", Sedimentary Geology 156(1-4) (2003) 119-148. [DOI:10.1016/S0037-0738(02)00285-3]
  7. [4] Şengör A., "A new model for the late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Iran and implications for Oman", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 49(1) (1990) 797-831. [DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.049.01.49]
  8. [4] Şengör A., "A new model for the late Palaeozoic-Mesozoic tectonic evolution of Iran and implications for Oman", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 49(1) (1990) 797-831. [DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1992.049.01.49]
  9. [5] Omrani H., Moazzen M., Oberhänsli R., Tsujimori T., Bousquet R., Moayyed M., "Metamorphic history of glaucophane-paragonite-zoisite eclogites from the Shanderman area, northern Iran", Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 31(8) (2013) 791-812. [DOI:10.1111/jmg.12045]
  10. [5] Omrani H., Moazzen M., Oberhänsli R., Tsujimori T., Bousquet R., Moayyed M., "Metamorphic history of glaucophane-paragonite-zoisite eclogites from the Shanderman area, northern Iran", Journal of Metamorphic Geology, 31(8) (2013) 791-812. [DOI:10.1111/jmg.12045]
  11. [6] Zanchi A., Zanchetta S., Berra F., Mattei M., Garzanti E., Molyneux S., Nawab A., Sabouri J., "The Eo-Cimmerian (Late? Triassic) orogeny in North Iran", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 312(1) (2009) 31-55. [DOI:10.1144/SP312.3]
  12. [6] Zanchi A., Zanchetta S., Berra F., Mattei M., Garzanti E., Molyneux S., Nawab A., Sabouri J., "The Eo-Cimmerian (Late? Triassic) orogeny in North Iran", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 312(1) (2009) 31-55. [DOI:10.1144/SP312.3]
  13. [7] Aghanabati A., "Jurassic Stratigraphy of Iran", Geological Survey of Iran 2 (1998) 746.
  14. [7] Aghanabati A., "Jurassic Stratigraphy of Iran", Geological Survey of Iran 2 (1998) 746.
  15. [8] Seyed-Emami K., Fürsich FT., Wilmsen M., "Documentation and significance of tectonic events in the northern Tabas Block (east-central Iran) during the Middle and Late Jurassic", Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research In Paleontology and Stratigraphy) 110(1) (2004) 163-171.
  16. [8] Seyed-Emami K., Fürsich FT., Wilmsen M., "Documentation and significance of tectonic events in the northern Tabas Block (east-central Iran) during the Middle and Late Jurassic", Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia (Research In Paleontology and Stratigraphy) 110(1) (2004) 163-171.
  17. [9] Fürsich FT., Wilmsen M., Seyed-Emami K., Majidifard MR., "The Mid-Cimmerian tectonic event (Bajocian) in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: evidence of the break-up unconformity of the South Caspian Basin", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 312(1) (2009) 189-203. [DOI:10.1144/SP312.9]
  18. [9] Fürsich FT., Wilmsen M., Seyed-Emami K., Majidifard MR., "The Mid-Cimmerian tectonic event (Bajocian) in the Alborz Mountains, northern Iran: evidence of the break-up unconformity of the South Caspian Basin", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 312(1) (2009) 189-203. [DOI:10.1144/SP312.9]
  19. [10] Doroozi R., Vaccaro C., Masoudi F., Petrini R., "Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of Triassic alkaline basaltic rocks of North Kamarbon, Northern Central Alborz, Iran", Solid Earth Sciences 3(4) (2018) 115-129. [DOI:10.1016/j.sesci.2018.06.001]
  20. [10] Doroozi R., Vaccaro C., Masoudi F., Petrini R., "Petrogenesis and mantle source characteristics of Triassic alkaline basaltic rocks of North Kamarbon, Northern Central Alborz, Iran", Solid Earth Sciences 3(4) (2018) 115-129. [DOI:10.1016/j.sesci.2018.06.001]
  21. [11] Ghasemi H., Jamshidi K., "Geochemistry, petrology and proposed tectonomagmatic model for generation of alkaline basic rocks in the base of the Shemshak Formation, the eastern Alborz zone (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 19 (2012) 699-714.
  22. [11] Ghasemi H., Jamshidi K., "Geochemistry, petrology and proposed tectonomagmatic model for generation of alkaline basic rocks in the base of the Shemshak Formation, the eastern Alborz zone (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 19 (2012) 699-714.
  23. [12] Kazmin V., "Tectonic evolution of the Caucasus and Fore-Caucasus in the late Paleozoic", Doklady Earth Sciences 406 (2006) 66-68. [DOI:10.1134/S1028334X06010016]
  24. [12] Kazmin V., "Tectonic evolution of the Caucasus and Fore-Caucasus in the late Paleozoic", Doklady Earth Sciences 406 (2006) 66-68. [DOI:10.1134/S1028334X06010016]
  25. [13] Ansari M.R, Vossoughi Abedini M., Darvish Zadeh A., Sheikhzakariaee S., Hossein Mirzaee Beni Z., "Geochemical constrain on the Early Cretaceous, OIB-type alkaline volcanic rocks in Kojor volcanic field, Central Alborz Mountain, north of Iran", Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(10) (2011) 913-925.
  26. [13] Ansari M.R, Vossoughi Abedini M., Darvish Zadeh A., Sheikhzakariaee S., Hossein Mirzaee Beni Z., "Geochemical constrain on the Early Cretaceous, OIB-type alkaline volcanic rocks in Kojor volcanic field, Central Alborz Mountain, north of Iran", Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 5(10) (2011) 913-925.
  27. [14] Ansari M.R., "Geochemistry of Mid Cretaceous Alkaline Volcanic Rocks, member of Chaloos formation, Abbas Abad Volcanic Field, Central Alborz Mountains, North of Iran", Life Science Journal 10 (2013) 874-883.
  28. [14] Ansari M.R., "Geochemistry of Mid Cretaceous Alkaline Volcanic Rocks, member of Chaloos formation, Abbas Abad Volcanic Field, Central Alborz Mountains, North of Iran", Life Science Journal 10 (2013) 874-883.
  29. [15] Salavati M., "Petrology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of extrusive alkalic rocks of the Southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite, Northern Albroz, Iran: Evidence of alkaline magmatism in southern Eurasia", Journal of Applied Sciences 8(12) (2008) 2202-2216. [DOI:10.3923/jas.2008.2202.2216]
  30. [15] Salavati M., "Petrology, geochemistry and mineral chemistry of extrusive alkalic rocks of the Southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite, Northern Albroz, Iran: Evidence of alkaline magmatism in southern Eurasia", Journal of Applied Sciences 8(12) (2008) 2202-2216. [DOI:10.3923/jas.2008.2202.2216]
  31. [16] Salavati M., Kananian A., Samadi Soofi A., Zaeimnia F., "Mineral chemistry of ultramafic rocks from the Southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite (Eastern Guilan): evidence for a high-pressure crystal fractionation (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 17 (2009) 149-166.
  32. [16] Salavati M., Kananian A., Samadi Soofi A., Zaeimnia F., "Mineral chemistry of ultramafic rocks from the Southern Caspian Sea Ophiolite (Eastern Guilan): evidence for a high-pressure crystal fractionation (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 17 (2009) 149-166.
  33. [17] Delavari M., Moradi R., Tabbakh Shabani A.A., "Mineral chemistry, thermobarometry and tectonomagmatic setting of Late-Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Kojid area (south of Lahijan, northern Alborz) (in Persian)", Petrology 9(33) (2018) 133-164.
  34. [17] Delavari M., Moradi R., Tabbakh Shabani A.A., "Mineral chemistry, thermobarometry and tectonomagmatic setting of Late-Cretaceous volcanic rocks from the Kojid area (south of Lahijan, northern Alborz) (in Persian)", Petrology 9(33) (2018) 133-164.
  35. [18] Haghnazar Sh., Malakotian S., "Petrography and Geochemistry of the Javaherdasht basalts (east of Guilan Province): The investigation of the role of crystal fractionation and crustal contamination in the magmatic evolution (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 17 (2009) 553-266.
  36. [18] Haghnazar Sh., Malakotian S., "Petrography and Geochemistry of the Javaherdasht basalts (east of Guilan Province): The investigation of the role of crystal fractionation and crustal contamination in the magmatic evolution (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 17 (2009) 553-266.
  37. [19] Haghnazar Sh., Malakotian S., Alahyarii K., "Investigation of petrological, mineralogical and geochemical properties of Javaherdasht gabbros (east of Guilan province) (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 18 (2011) 545-562.
  38. [19] Haghnazar Sh., Malakotian S., Alahyarii K., "Investigation of petrological, mineralogical and geochemical properties of Javaherdasht gabbros (east of Guilan province) (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 18 (2011) 545-562.
  39. [20] Haghnazar Sh., Vosoughi Abedini M., Pourmoafi M., "Mantle source signatures of the basalts from Javaherdasht area (E Gilan) based on geochemistry and isotopic evidence (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Geology 8 (2009) 95-102.
  40. [20] Haghnazar Sh., Vosoughi Abedini M., Pourmoafi M., "Mantle source signatures of the basalts from Javaherdasht area (E Gilan) based on geochemistry and isotopic evidence (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Geology 8 (2009) 95-102.
  41. [21] Jafari Sough R., Asiabanha A., Nasrabadi M., "Geochemistry of Cretaceous hydromagmatic lava flows in Separdeh district, NE Qazvin, central Alborz (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 26 (2018) 717-732. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.26.3.717]
  42. [21] Jafari Sough R., Asiabanha A., Nasrabadi M., "Geochemistry of Cretaceous hydromagmatic lava flows in Separdeh district, NE Qazvin, central Alborz (in Persian)", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 26 (2018) 717-732. [DOI:10.29252/ijcm.26.3.717]
  43. [22] Nazari H., Omrani J., Shahidi A., Salamati R., Mousavi A., "Geological map of Bandar-e-Anzali sheet, Scale 1:100000", Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran, Tehran (2004) 1.
  44. [22] Nazari H., Omrani J., Shahidi A., Salamati R., Mousavi A., "Geological map of Bandar-e-Anzali sheet, Scale 1:100000", Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran, Tehran (2004) 1.
  45. [23] Clark G., Davies R., Hamzepour B., Jones C., Ghorashi M., Navaee I., "Geological map of Bandar-e-Anzali Quadrangle map, Scale 1:250000", Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran, Tehran (1977) 1.
  46. [23] Clark G., Davies R., Hamzepour B., Jones C., Ghorashi M., Navaee I., "Geological map of Bandar-e-Anzali Quadrangle map, Scale 1:250000", Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration of Iran, Tehran (1977) 1.
  47. [24] Whitney DL., Evans B.W,. "Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American mineralogist 95(1) (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
  48. [24] Whitney DL., Evans B.W,. "Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American mineralogist 95(1) (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
  49. [25] Bender J., Hodges F., Bence A., "Petrogenesis of basalts from the project FAMOUS area: experimental study from 0 to 15 kbars", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 41(3) (1978) 277-302. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90184-X]
  50. [25] Bender J., Hodges F., Bence A., "Petrogenesis of basalts from the project FAMOUS area: experimental study from 0 to 15 kbars", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 41(3) (1978) 277-302. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(78)90184-X]
  51. [26] Kushiro I., "Si-Al relation in clinopyroxenes from igneous rocks", American Journal of Science 258(8) (1960) 548-554. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.258.8.548]
  52. [26] Kushiro I., "Si-Al relation in clinopyroxenes from igneous rocks", American Journal of Science 258(8) (1960) 548-554. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.258.8.548]
  53. [27] Leterrier J., Maury RC., Thonon P., Girard D., Marchal M., "Clinopyroxene composition as a method of identification of the magmatic affinities of paleo-volcanic series", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 59(1) (1982) 139-154. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(82)90122-4]
  54. [27] Leterrier J., Maury RC., Thonon P., Girard D., Marchal M., "Clinopyroxene composition as a method of identification of the magmatic affinities of paleo-volcanic series", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 59(1) (1982) 139-154. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(82)90122-4]
  55. [28] Beccaluva L., Macciotta G., Piccardo G., Zeda O., "Clinopyroxene composition of ophiolite basalts as petrogenetic indicator", Chemical Geology 77(3-4) (1989) 165-182. [DOI:10.1016/0009-2541(89)90073-9]
  56. [28] Beccaluva L., Macciotta G., Piccardo G., Zeda O., "Clinopyroxene composition of ophiolite basalts as petrogenetic indicator", Chemical Geology 77(3-4) (1989) 165-182. [DOI:10.1016/0009-2541(89)90073-9]
  57. [29] Aoki K-I., Shiba I., "Pyroxenes from lherzolite inclusions of Itinome-gata, Japan", Lithos 6(1) (1973) 41-51. [DOI:10.1016/0024-4937(73)90078-9]
  58. [29] Aoki K-I., Shiba I., "Pyroxenes from lherzolite inclusions of Itinome-gata, Japan", Lithos 6(1) (1973) 41-51. [DOI:10.1016/0024-4937(73)90078-9]
  59. [30] Bertrand P., Mercier J.C.C., "The mutual solubility of coexisting ortho-and clinopyroxene: toward an absolute geothermometer for the natural system?", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 76(1-2) (1985) 109-122. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90152-9]
  60. [30] Bertrand P., Mercier J.C.C., "The mutual solubility of coexisting ortho-and clinopyroxene: toward an absolute geothermometer for the natural system?", Earth and Planetary Science Letters 76(1-2) (1985) 109-122. [DOI:10.1016/0012-821X(85)90152-9]
  61. [31] Brey G., Köhler T., "Geothermobarometry in four-phase lherzolites II. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers", Journal of Petrology 31(6) (1990) 1353-1378. [DOI:10.1093/petrology/31.6.1353]
  62. [31] Brey G., Köhler T., "Geothermobarometry in four-phase lherzolites II. New thermobarometers, and practical assessment of existing thermobarometers", Journal of Petrology 31(6) (1990) 1353-1378. [DOI:10.1093/petrology/31.6.1353]
  63. [32] LeBas MJ., "The role of aluminum in igneous clinopyroxenes with relation to their parentage", American Journal of Science 260(4) (1962) 267-288. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.260.4.267]
  64. [32] LeBas MJ., "The role of aluminum in igneous clinopyroxenes with relation to their parentage", American Journal of Science 260(4) (1962) 267-288. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.260.4.267]
  65. [33] Nimis P., Taylor WR., "Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites. Part I. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 139(5) (2000) 541-554. [DOI:10.1007/s004100000156]
  66. [33] Nimis P., Taylor WR., "Single clinopyroxene thermobarometry for garnet peridotites. Part I. Calibration and testing of a Cr-in-Cpx barometer and an enstatite-in-Cpx thermometer", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 139(5) (2000) 541-554. [DOI:10.1007/s004100000156]
  67. [34] Droop G., "A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria", Mineralogical Magazine 51(361) (1987) 431-435. [DOI:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.10]
  68. [34] Droop G., "A general equation for estimating Fe3+ concentrations in ferromagnesian silicates and oxides from microprobe analyses, using stoichiometric criteria", Mineralogical Magazine 51(361) (1987) 431-435. [DOI:10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.10]
  69. [35] Morimoto N., "Nomenclature of pyroxenes", Mineralogy and Petrology 39(1) (1988) 55-76. [DOI:10.1007/BF01226262]
  70. [35] Morimoto N., "Nomenclature of pyroxenes", Mineralogy and Petrology 39(1) (1988) 55-76. [DOI:10.1007/BF01226262]
  71. [36] Winchester JA., Floyd P.A., "Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements", Chemical Geology 20 (1977) 325-343. [DOI:10.1016/0009-2541(77)90057-2]
  72. [36] Winchester JA., Floyd P.A., "Geochemical discrimination of different magma series and their differentiation products using immobile elements", Chemical Geology 20 (1977) 325-343. [DOI:10.1016/0009-2541(77)90057-2]
  73. [37] Ross P-S., Bédard J.H., "Magmatic affinity of modern and ancient subalkaline volcanic rocks determined from trace-element discriminant diagrams", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46(11) (2009) 823-839. [DOI:10.1139/E09-054]
  74. [37] Ross P-S., Bédard J.H., "Magmatic affinity of modern and ancient subalkaline volcanic rocks determined from trace-element discriminant diagrams", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 46(11) (2009) 823-839. [DOI:10.1139/E09-054]
  75. [38] Jenner G., Dunning G., Malpas J., Brown M., Brace T., "Bay of Islands and Little Port complexes, revisited: age, geochemical and isotopic evidence confirm suprasubduction-zone origin", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28(10) (1991) 1635-1652. [DOI:10.1139/e91-146]
  76. [38] Jenner G., Dunning G., Malpas J., Brown M., Brace T., "Bay of Islands and Little Port complexes, revisited: age, geochemical and isotopic evidence confirm suprasubduction-zone origin", Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 28(10) (1991) 1635-1652. [DOI:10.1139/e91-146]
  77. [39] Pearce J.A., Peate D.W., "Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas", Annual review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23(1) (1995) 251-285. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.001343]
  78. [39] Pearce J.A., Peate D.W., "Tectonic implications of the composition of volcanic arc magmas", Annual review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 23(1) (1995) 251-285. [DOI:10.1146/annurev.ea.23.050195.001343]
  79. [40] Sun S-s., McDonough W.F., "Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42(1) (1989) 313-345. [DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19]
  80. [40] Sun S-s., McDonough W.F., "Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts: implications for mantle composition and processes", Geological Society, London, Special Publications 42(1) (1989) 313-345. [DOI:10.1144/GSL.SP.1989.042.01.19]
  81. [41] Rollinson, H. R., "Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation" London: Longman Scientific & Technical (1993) 352.
  82. [41] Rollinson, H. R., "Using geochemical data: evaluation, presentation, interpretation" London: Longman Scientific & Technical (1993) 352.
  83. [42] Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M., "The continental crust: its composition and evolution", United States: Blackwell Scientific Publications (1985) 328.
  84. [42] Taylor S.R., McLennan S.M., "The continental crust: its composition and evolution", United States: Blackwell Scientific Publications (1985) 328.
  85. [43] Rudnick R.L., Gao S., "Composition of the continental crust", Treatise on Geochemistry 3 (2003) 659. [DOI:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4]
  86. [43] Rudnick R.L., Gao S., "Composition of the continental crust", Treatise on Geochemistry 3 (2003) 659. [DOI:10.1016/B0-08-043751-6/03016-4]
  87. [44] Loucks R.R., "Discrimination of ophiolitic from nonophiolitic ultramafic-mafic allochthons in orogenic belts by the Al/Ti ratio in clinopyroxene", Geology 18(4) (1990) 346-349.

    https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)0182.3.CO;2 [DOI:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)0182.3.CO;2]
  88. [44] Loucks R.R., "Discrimination of ophiolitic from nonophiolitic ultramafic-mafic allochthons in orogenic belts by the Al/Ti ratio in clinopyroxene", Geology 18(4) (1990) 346-349.

    https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1990)0182.3.CO;2 [DOI:10.1130/0091-7613(1990)0182.3.CO;2]
  89. [45] Wilson A.F., "Aluminium in coexisting pyroxenes as a sensitive indicator of changes in metamorphic grade within the mafic granulite terrane of the Fraser Range, Western Australia", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 56(3) (1976) 255-277. [DOI:10.1007/BF00466825]
  90. [45] Wilson A.F., "Aluminium in coexisting pyroxenes as a sensitive indicator of changes in metamorphic grade within the mafic granulite terrane of the Fraser Range, Western Australia", Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 56(3) (1976) 255-277. [DOI:10.1007/BF00466825]

فایل ها

سابقه مقاله

  • تاریخ دریافت: 30 شهریور 1398
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 آبان 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 23 آذر 1398

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار