بررسی کانی‌شناسی و ویژگی‌های رئولوژی بنتونیت‌های منطقه مومن آباد، پهنه بنتونیتی شرق ایران، به منظور کاربرد در صنعت حفاری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی

2 دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

 منطقه معدنی مؤمن ‌آباد بخشی از پهنه بنتونیتی شرق ایران است که در واحدهای آتشفشانی ائوسن – الیگوسن تشکیل شده است. اسمکتیت و کریستوبالیت به عنوان فاز کانیایی اصلی و پلاژیوکلاز، ‌فلدسپار قلیایی، پاراگونیت، زئولیت (هولاندیت و کلینوپتیولیت)، میکا- ایلیت و کوارتز نیز به عنوان فازهای فرعی در بنتونیت­ها حضور دارند. تصویر‌برداری الکترونی از ذره‌های صفحه‌ای بنتونیت، انبوهه‌هایی را با ظاهری لخته شده و به صورت کروی و زاویه‌دار با بافت دانه‌ذرتی نشان می‌دهند. طیف‌سنجی پراکنش انرژی پرتو ایکس (EDX) نشان می‌دهد که بنتونیت‌ها از نوع مونت‌موریلونیت سدیم هستند. نتایج آزمون­های رئولوژی نشان می­دهد که گرانروی ظاهری، گرانروی ناکشسان، نقطه تسلیم و استحکام ژله­ای در نمونه­های بنتونیتی ساده با وزن 4/30 گرم بیشتر از نمونه­های با وزن 8/10 و 4/22 گرم است و نمونه­های B07 و B04 با استاندارد API همخوانی نداشته، اما نمونه B02 با ویژگی­های رئولوژی بهتر، قابلیت استفاده در صنعت حفاری را دارد. ویژگی­های رئولوژی و استحکام ژله­ای در نمونه­های فعال­شده بهتر از نمونه­های ساده است و سیال­های دربردارنده کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز به علت ویژگی یونی بالای ذرات نسبت به دیگر پلیمرها، بهترین افزایش‌دهنده ویژگی­های رئولوژی هستند (نمونه‌های B02 و B04). اما نمونه B07با استفاده از همه افزودنی‌ها با استاندارد API همخوانی ندارد و نمی‌توان از آن­ در صنعت حفاری استفاده کرد. بنتونیتی، از نظر ویژگی‌های رئولوژی مانند گرانروی ظاهری، گرانروی ناکشسان، نقطه تسلیم و استحکام ژله­ای در 10 ثانیه و 10 دقیقه از میان سه نمونه ساده B02 با وزن 4/30 گرم به ترتیب با 5/8، 5، 7، 5 و 5 و همچنین با حضور پلیمر کربوکسی‌متیل‌سلولز به ترتیب با 25، 9، 32، 14 و 11 بهترین ویژگی‌ها را بر اساس استاندارد API برای کاربرد در صنعت حفاری دارند.     

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mineralogical and rheological characterization of bentonites in Momen Abad Area, Eastern Iranian bentonite zone, to be Used in Drilling Industry

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Tarabi 1
  • Soroush Modabberi 2
  • Mohammad hashem Emami 1
  • Seyed Jamal Sheikh Zakariaee 1
1
2
چکیده [English]

Momen Abad mining district is a part of Eastern Iranian bentonite zone, located in Eocene-Oligocene volcanic belt. Mineralogical study of bentonites by XRD method introduced smectite and cristobalite as major mineralogical phases and plagioclase, alkali feldspar, paragonite, zeolite (heulandite and clinoptilolite), mica-illite, and quartz as minor phases. SEM imaging of bentonites shows that platy particles of bentonites form flocculated aggregates and occur as rounded and angular particles with cornflakes texture. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy indicates that bentonite aggregates are of Na-montmorillonite type. The rheological test results reveal that the apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength of simple bentonites of 30.4 g weight is higher than that of samples with 10.8 and 22.4 g weight; however it is not in accordance with API standard therfore is not appropriate for drilling industry. Rheological characteristics and gel strength for activated samples are better than the simple samples. It is noteworthy that fluids containing carboxymethyl cellulose polymer is the best material to increase the rheological characteristics of bentonites among the polymers due to high ionic properties of particles and they are applicable in oil drilling industry (samples B02 and B04). However, sample B07 with all additives is not compatible with API standard of drilling qualification. Among three bentonite samples, the rheological properties of apparent viscosity, plastic viscosity, yield point, and gel strength in 10 seconds and 10 minutes in simple bentonite of B02 with 30.4g weight are 8.5, 5, 7, 5 and 5 respectively and will be increased to 25, 9, 32, 14 and 11 respectively with carboxymethyl cellulose polymer showing the highest quality in accordance with API standard and is appropriate for drilling industry.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Viscosity
  • drilling
  • Bentonite
  • Momen Abad
  • East Iran

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 29 دی 1397
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 03 اردیبهشت 1398
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 25 خرداد 1398

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