Mineralization, fluid inclusion and geochemical studies and interpretation of IP/RS data in Freezi prospect area, northeast Iran

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

Abstract

Freezi Lead- Zinc- Copper prospect area is located in north east Mashhad in Khorassan Razavi Province. Mineralization was formed in the area as vein type in the host rocks of slate with interlayer of phyllite and meta sandstone of Upper Triassic to Early Jurassic age (equivalent to Shemshak Formation). The only alteration in the host rock is silicification. Primary minerals are quartz, galena, chalcopyrite and pyrite, while secondary minerals are hematite, goethite, limonite, malachite and azurite. The amount of Pb is up to %3.7, Zn is up to %1.6, Cu is up to %4 and Ag 183 ppm. Micro thermometry measurements of two Phases (liquid and vapour) showed that quartz and ores originated from a fluids with mid to high temperature (200 to 347°c) and high salinity (20.2 to 22.35 wt%) which was probably metamorphic liquid. Reduction of temperature of the liquid had greatest importance in Pb, Zn, and Cu mineralization. IP/RS data on the location of Gossan zones, veins, previous digging, and geochemical anomalies showed increasing in chargeability. Mineralization occurred in three part (A, B, C) in the area. In view of mineralization, geochemical anomalies and chargeability in the part B is more important than A and C. Studies of drill cores over the psedousection IP/RS anomaly in part B showed the presence of graphitic coal in the country rocks which is the causative source of anomaly. Based on geology, mineralization and fluid inclusion characteristics, the type of mineralization in the Freezi area is orogenic. Possibly metallic elements originated from the graphitic layers  and during the Middle Jurassic orogenic phase, middle Cemmerian, transported by metamorphic water and  deposited in places of suitable structure.

Keywords

References

  1. [1] Nabavi M.H., "A Preface to Geology of Iran", Geological Survey of Iran (1973) 109p.
  2. [1] Nabavi M.H., "A Preface to Geology of Iran", Geological Survey of Iran (1973) 109p.
  3. [2] Sheikhaleslami M.R., Haghipour N., Navabpour P., Navab-Motlagh A., Kouhpima M., Mafi A., Heidarzadeh Gh., "Geology and tectonic studies of Kopeh-Dagh and Binalood", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
  4. [2] Sheikhaleslami M.R., Haghipour N., Navabpour P., Navab-Motlagh A., Kouhpima M., Mafi A., Heidarzadeh Gh., "Geology and tectonic studies of Kopeh-Dagh and Binalood", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
  5. [3] Earth Sciences Development Company., "Exploration report of Freezi area", (2003) 55p.
  6. [3] Earth Sciences Development Company., "Exploration report of Freezi area", (2003) 55p.
  7. [4] Najjaran M., Mostaan M., Omidi A., "Geochemical exploration report of Neyshabour 1:100000 map", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2006).
  8. [4] Najjaran M., Mostaan M., Omidi A., "Geochemical exploration report of Neyshabour 1:100000 map", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2006).
  9. [5] Lyan Kavan Company., "Exploration report of Freezi area", (2011) 75p.
  10. [5] Lyan Kavan Company., "Exploration report of Freezi area", (2011) 75p.
  11. [6] Berberian M., "Active faulting and tectonics of iran, in Gupta", H K., and Delany F.M., editors, "Zagrous- Hindakush- Himalaya geodynamic evolution", American Geophysical ::union::
  12. [6] Berberian M., "Active faulting and tectonics of iran, in Gupta", H K., and Delany F.M., editors, "Zagrous- Hindakush- Himalaya geodynamic evolution", American Geophysical ::union::
  13. [7] Geodynamic Series 3 (1981) 33-69.Jackson J., Mckenzie D., "Active tectonics of the Alpine- Himalaya belt between western Turkey and Pakistan", Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 77 (1984) 185-264. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb01931.x]
  14. [7] Geodynamic Series 3 (1981) 33-69.Jackson J., Mckenzie D., "Active tectonics of the Alpine- Himalaya belt between western Turkey and Pakistan", Geophysical Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society 77 (1984) 185-264. [DOI:10.1111/j.1365-246X.1984.tb01931.x]
  15. [8] Lindenberg H.G., Groler K., JacobshagenV., Ibbeken H., "post-paleozoic stratigraphy, structure and orogenetic evolution of the southern Sabzevar zone and the Taknar block", Neuesjahrbach for Geologie und palaontologie, Abhhandlungen168 (1984) 287-326. [DOI:10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/287]
  16. [8] Lindenberg H.G., Groler K., JacobshagenV., Ibbeken H., "post-paleozoic stratigraphy, structure and orogenetic evolution of the southern Sabzevar zone and the Taknar block", Neuesjahrbach for Geologie und palaontologie, Abhhandlungen168 (1984) 287-326. [DOI:10.1127/njgpa/168/1984/287]
  17. [9] Haghipour A., Aghanabati A., "Geological map of iran(2ndedition), Tehran", Geological Survey of Iran, scale 1:2500000 (1989).
  18. [9] Haghipour A., Aghanabati A., "Geological map of iran(2ndedition), Tehran", Geological Survey of Iran, scale 1:2500000 (1989).
  19. [10] Alavi.M., "Tectonic map of the Middle East, Tehran", Geological Survey of Iran, scale 1:5000000 (1991a).
  20. [10] Alavi.M., "Tectonic map of the Middle East, Tehran", Geological Survey of Iran, scale 1:5000000 (1991a).
  21. [11] Ramezani J., Tucker R.D., "The Saghand region, centeral Iran, U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwanatectonics", American journalof science 303 (2003) 622-665. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.303.7.622]
  22. [11] Ramezani J., Tucker R.D., "The Saghand region, centeral Iran, U-Pb geochronology, petrogenesis and implications for Gondwanatectonics", American journalof science 303 (2003) 622-665. [DOI:10.2475/ajs.303.7.622]
  23. [12] Bodnar R. J., "Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O- NaCl solution" ,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57 (1993) 683-684. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90378-A]
  24. [12] Bodnar R. J., "Revised equation and table for determining the freezing point depression of H2O- NaCl solution" ,Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57 (1993) 683-684. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(93)90378-A]
  25. [13] Brown P. E., Lamb W. M., "P-V-T properties of fluids in thesystem H2O- CO2-NaCl; new grations for fluid inclusion studies" , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53 (1989) 1209-1221. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(89)90057-4]
  26. [13] Brown P. E., Lamb W. M., "P-V-T properties of fluids in thesystem H2O- CO2-NaCl; new grations for fluid inclusion studies" , Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53 (1989) 1209-1221. [DOI:10.1016/0016-7037(89)90057-4]
  27. [14] Pourlatifi M., "Geological map of Torghebeh, 1:100000 scale", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2001).
  28. [14] Pourlatifi M., "Geological map of Torghebeh, 1:100000 scale", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2001).
  29. [15] Ghaemi F., "Geological map of Neyshabour, 1:100000 scale", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2001).
  30. [15] Ghaemi F., "Geological map of Neyshabour, 1:100000 scale", Geological Survey of Iran, Tehran, Iran (2001).
  31. [16] Javidi-Moghaddam M., Hidarian Shahri M.R., Karimpour M.H., "Geology, mineralization, geochemistry, and magnetometer studies of iron mineralization of Kalateh-Shahin area, Khorasan Razavi province", Iranian Journal of Economic Geology 1 (2010) 77-96.
  32. [16] Javidi-Moghaddam M., Hidarian Shahri M.R., Karimpour M.H., "Geology, mineralization, geochemistry, and magnetometer studies of iron mineralization of Kalateh-Shahin area, Khorasan Razavi province", Iranian Journal of Economic Geology 1 (2010) 77-96.
  33. [17] Whitney D. L., Evans B. W., "Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American Mineralogist 95 (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
  34. [17] Whitney D. L., Evans B. W., "Abbreviations for names of rock-forming minerals", American Mineralogist 95 (2010) 185-187. [DOI:10.2138/am.2010.3371]
  35. [18] Shephered T. J., Rankin A. H., Alderton D. H. M., "A practical guide to fluid inclusionstudies, Blackie", London (1985).
  36. [18] Shephered T. J., Rankin A. H., Alderton D. H. M., "A practical guide to fluid inclusionstudies, Blackie", London (1985).
  37. [19] Gandomkar A.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A., Hidarian Shahri M.R., "Geology, alteration, mineralization, geochemistry, and interpretation of IP/RS data of Bouteh-Gaz prospect area, NE Torbat-e-Jam", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 3 (2013) 519-536.
  38. [19] Gandomkar A.H., Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A., Hidarian Shahri M.R., "Geology, alteration, mineralization, geochemistry, and interpretation of IP/RS data of Bouteh-Gaz prospect area, NE Torbat-e-Jam", Iranian Journal of Crystallography and Mineralogy 3 (2013) 519-536.
  39. [20] Esdale D.J., Pridmore D. F., Coggen J. H., Muir P.M., Williams P. K., Fritz F.P., " Olympic Dam deposite- Geophysical case history", 5th ASEG Conference, (1987) 47-49. [DOI:10.1071/EG987047]
  40. [20] Esdale D.J., Pridmore D. F., Coggen J. H., Muir P.M., Williams P. K., Fritz F.P., " Olympic Dam deposite- Geophysical case history", 5th ASEG Conference, (1987) 47-49. [DOI:10.1071/EG987047]
  41. [21] Rajagopalan S., Haydon S.J., " The Benambra volcanic hosted massive sulphide deposits", Geological Survey of Victorya report 119, Australian Society of Exploration geophysicists special publication 11 (1999). [DOI:10.1071/ASEGSpec11_03]
  42. [21] Rajagopalan S., Haydon S.J., " The Benambra volcanic hosted massive sulphide deposits", Geological Survey of Victorya report 119, Australian Society of Exploration geophysicists special publication 11 (1999). [DOI:10.1071/ASEGSpec11_03]
  43. [22] Guo W., Dentith M., Zhao Y., "Geophysical exploration in the Xi-Cheng lead-zinc orefieldGansu Province, China", Exploration Geophysics 31(2000) 243-247. [DOI:10.1071/EG00243]
  44. [22] Guo W., Dentith M., Zhao Y., "Geophysical exploration in the Xi-Cheng lead-zinc orefieldGansu Province, China", Exploration Geophysics 31(2000) 243-247. [DOI:10.1071/EG00243]
  45. [23] Karen P., Barry B., " The geophysical response of the tusker gold deposite, Lake Victoria gold fields, Tanzania" (2005).
  46. [23] Karen P., Barry B., " The geophysical response of the tusker gold deposite, Lake Victoria gold fields, Tanzania" (2005).
  47. [24] Dentith M., Stuart R., " Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits in the Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia", Geophysical responses of mineralization and the mineralized environment, Geophysical Signatures of South Australian Mineral Deposits (2002) 169-195. [DOI:10.1071/ASEGSpec12_14]
  48. [24] Dentith M., Stuart R., " Sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposits in the Adelaide Geosyncline, South Australia", Geophysical responses of mineralization and the mineralized environment, Geophysical Signatures of South Australian Mineral Deposits (2002) 169-195. [DOI:10.1071/ASEGSpec12_14]
  49. [25] Busuttil S., Law S., " The geophysics of the Kalkaroo prospect, Olary Domain,South Australia", Geophysical Signatures of South Australian Mineral Deposits (2001) 121-126.
  50. [25] Busuttil S., Law S., " The geophysics of the Kalkaroo prospect, Olary Domain,South Australia", Geophysical Signatures of South Australian Mineral Deposits (2001) 121-126.
  51. [26] White R.M.S., Collins S., Denne R., HeeR. Brown P., " A new survey design for3D IP modelling at Copper hill", Exploration Geophysics 32 (2001) 152-155. [DOI:10.1071/EG01152]
  52. [26] White R.M.S., Collins S., Denne R., HeeR. Brown P., " A new survey design for3D IP modelling at Copper hill", Exploration Geophysics 32 (2001) 152-155. [DOI:10.1071/EG01152]
  53. [27] Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A., "Geology, mineralization, alteration, geochemistry, microthermometry, radiogenic isotopes, petrogenesis of intrusive rocks and determination of source of mineralization in Maherabad and Khopik prospect areas, South Khorasan province", Unpublished Ph.D thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (2009) 600 p.
  54. [27] Malekzadeh Shafaroudi A., "Geology, mineralization, alteration, geochemistry, microthermometry, radiogenic isotopes, petrogenesis of intrusive rocks and determination of source of mineralization in Maherabad and Khopik prospect areas, South Khorasan province", Unpublished Ph.D thesis, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran (2009) 600 p.
  55. [28] Sverjensky D. A., "The diverse origin of Mississippi valley type Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposits", Chorn Rech Min 495 (1989) 5-13.
  56. [28] Sverjensky D. A., "The diverse origin of Mississippi valley type Pb-Zn-Ba-F deposits", Chorn Rech Min 495 (1989) 5-13.
  57. [29] Wilkinson J. J., "Fluid inclusion in hydrothermal ore deposites", Lithos (2001) 229-227. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00047-5]
  58. [29] Wilkinson J. J., "Fluid inclusion in hydrothermal ore deposites", Lithos (2001) 229-227. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-4937(00)00047-5]
  59. [30] Kesler E.S., "Fluid in Planetary Systems: ore- forming Fluids", Element 1 (2005) 13-18. [DOI:10.2113/gselements.1.1.13]
  60. [30] Kesler E.S., "Fluid in Planetary Systems: ore- forming Fluids", Element 1 (2005) 13-18. [DOI:10.2113/gselements.1.1.13]
  61. [31] Volkov A. V., Prokofive V. Y., Alekseev. Yu.,Baksheev I. A., Sidorov A. A., "Ore-forming Fluids and Conditions of Formation of Gold- Sulfide- Quartz Mineralization in the Shear Zone: Pogromnoe deposit (Eastern Transbaikalin region)", DokiladyAcadNauk 441 (2011) 352-357. [DOI:10.1134/S1028334X11110328]
  62. [31] Volkov A. V., Prokofive V. Y., Alekseev. Yu.,Baksheev I. A., Sidorov A. A., "Ore-forming Fluids and Conditions of Formation of Gold- Sulfide- Quartz Mineralization in the Shear Zone: Pogromnoe deposit (Eastern Transbaikalin region)", DokiladyAcadNauk 441 (2011) 352-357. [DOI:10.1134/S1028334X11110328]
  63. [32] Dentith M., Mudge S. T., "Geophysics for the mineral exploration geoscientists", Cambridge University Press, (2014) 730 pp. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139024358]
  64. [32] Dentith M., Mudge S. T., "Geophysics for the mineral exploration geoscientists", Cambridge University Press, (2014) 730 pp. [DOI:10.1017/CBO9781139024358]

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 04 April 2018
  • Revise Date: 28 June 2018
  • Accept Date: 22 August 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics