زمین‌شیمی روانه گدازه‌های هیدروماگمایی کرتاسه در منطقه سپارده، شمال شرق قزوین، البرز مرکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه بین‌المللی امام خمینی (ره)

چکیده

سنگ‌های آتشفشانی قلیایی و چینه­سان منطقه­ی سپارده (شمال شرق قزوین) واقع در پهنه البرز مرکزی به ‌صورت هم­شیب بر سنگ ‌آهک‌های کرتاسه پیشین سازند تیز­کوه قرارگرفته‌اند. این سنگ‌ها ازنظر بافتی بسیار ریزدانه و یکنواخت هستند و ازنظر کانی‌شناسی با داشتن ریزدرشت بلور­ها و ریزسنگ­های پلاژیوکلاز، پیروکسن، الیوین، آپاتیت و کانی‌های کدر در یک زمینه­ی شیشه­ای مشخص می­شوند. ولی در بین توالی نمونه­های برداشت ‌شده، نمونه­های با بافت آذرآواری و ویژگی‌های بافتی زیر نیز وجود دارند: بافت لکه­ای، ریزبالشتک­های مافیک، تخلخل 4-3 برابر، حفره­های تفکیکی، قطعات پوکه­ای و تراشه­های شیشه. در نتیجه، برخلاف سایر نمونه­ها، برآمده از فوران انفجاری هستند. نمونه­ها ازنظر شیمیایی، تفریقی و وابسته به سری سدیمی قلیایی هستند. با وجود یکنواختی در ترکیب نمونه­های غیرانفجاری، مقدار سیلیس و قلیایی­ها در نمونه­های آذرآواری، بیشتر و در عوض مقدارMgO, Fe2O3t, TiO2 و CaO کمتر از سایر نمونه­هاست. همچنین ازنظر ترکیب عناصر فرعی، در بیشتر نمونه­ها، غنی‌شدگی (حدود 100 برابر) عناصر خاکی نادر سبک (LREEs) نسبت به عناصر خاکی نادر سنگین (HREEs)، ناهنجاری مثبت عناصر با شدت میدان بالا (HFSEs) Eu, Rb, Th, ، ناهنجاری منفی Ta و K و نبود ناهنجاری منفی Ti و Nb دیده می­شود. در ضمن، نمودارهای محیط زمین­ساختی، موقعیت کافت قاره­ای و نمودارهای سنگ­زایی، یک خاستگاه گارنت لرزولیتی غنی‌شده را نشان می­دهند. لذا درمجموع می­توان چنین نتیجه گرفت که این ماگماها که از یک گوشته سست کره­ای غنی‌شده، سرچشمه گرفته­اند، در یک محیط کششی کافت درون قاره­ای تشکیل و به‌صورت غیر انفجاری، از طریق شکستگی‌های عمیق بالا آمده و وارد محیط دریایی نه چندان عمیق کرتاسه پسین شده­اند. بااین‌حال، ذوب بخشی سنگ­کره با نفوذ ماگمای مافیک گوشته­ای، گاهی اوقات ماگمای اسیدی­تر تولید کرده است که در آمیزش با ماگماهای مافیک جدیدتر، سبک فوران‌ها را به سمت انفجاری سوق داده و تماس با آب دریا نیز، این ویژگی را تشدید ­کرده است.     

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Geochemistry of Cretaceous hydromagmatic lava flows in Separdeh district, NE Qazvin, central Alborz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raziyeh Jafari Sough
  • Abbas Asiabanha
  • Mohsen Nasrabadi
Imam Khomeini International University
چکیده [English]

The alkaline and stratoid volcanic rocks of Separdeh district (NE Qazvin), located on the central Albroz zone, are underlain conformably by Early Cretaceous limestones of Tizkuh Formation. These rocks are texturally homogenous and very fine-grained and characterized by microphenocrysts and microliths of plagioclase, pyroxene, olivine, apatite and opaque set in a hyaline matrix. However, few pyroclastic deposits with the following characteristics are found amongst them: patchy fabric, mafic micropillows, relative high vesicularity (3-4 times of lava flows), segregation vesicles, pumiceous clasts and glassy shards. So, in contrary with the effusive lava flows, it can be concluded that they were formed by more explosive eruptions. The samples are tephritic in chemical composition and belonged to the sodic alkaline suite. Although the effusive samples have a similar chemical composition, the pyroclastic samples show higher contents of silica and alkalis and lower amounts of TiO2, Fe2O3t, MgO and CaO than the effusive lava flows. Also, most samples show an enrichment (about 100 times) of LREEs relative to HREEs, positive anomaly of HFSEs, Th, Rb and Eu, negative anomaly of Ta and K and also no anomaly of Ti and Nb. Moreover, they set in the continental rift setting and show an enriched garnet lherzolite source in the petrogenetic plots. As a result, it can be stated that the parental magma originated from an enriched asthenospheric mantle were effusively erupted in a deep submarine basin through the fissures of an extensional regime (or continental rift setting) during Late Cretaceous times. However, the more acidic magma could be produced by partial melting of lithosphere due to invading of the mantle mafic magma. Sometimes, the styles of eruptions were changed into the more explosive activities by mixing of two magmas intensified by contact with water.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Submarine eruptions
  • continental rift
  • cretaceous
  • Central Alborz
  • Qazvin

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 23 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 دی 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 14 بهمن 1396

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