کانی‌شناسی، زمین‌شیمی و ریخت‌شناسی ذرات تشکیل‌دهنده‌ی پدیده‌ی گرد و غبار در شهرستان گناباد

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

مجتمع آموزش عالی گناباد

چکیده

یکی از نواحی ایران که به دلیل خشکسالی­های اخیر دستخوش پدیده نوظهور گرد و غبار شده است شهرستان گناباد در جنوب استان خراسان رضوی است. به منظور بررسی ویژگی­های فیزیکی و شیمیایی ذرات گرد و غبار و نقش آنها در آلودگی محیط زیست، تعداد 9 نمونه جمع­آوری شد و جنبه­های کانی­شناسی، زمین­شیمیایی و ریخت­شناسی آنها به روش بررسی XRF, XRD و SEM  و میکروآنالیز EDX مطالعه شد. بررسی­های XRD نشان داد که ترکیب کانی­شناسی غالب شامل تکتوسیلیکات­ها (کوارتز و فلدسپارهای قلیایی)، کربنات­ها (کلسیت) و کانی­های رسی است. نتایج حاصل از طیف­سنجی XRF نشان داد که ترکیب اکسیدهای اصلی گرد و غبار گناباد شبیه ترکیب میانگین سایر نقاط دنیاست. بررسی ضریب غنی­شدگی (EF) برای عناصر مختلف نشان داد که V،Cu, Ba  و Co دارای EF< 10 و خاستگاه طبیعی و پوسته­ای هستند و عناصر  Cr, Pb, Zn, Niبه دلیل بالا بودن ضریب غنی­شدگی (بالاتر از 10) خاستگاه غیرپوسته­ای و غیرطبیعی (فعالیت­های انسانی) دارند. تصاویرSEM  نشان داد که ذرات گرد و غبار گناباد بیشتر به شکل­های کروی، نامنظم و منشوری هستند. بیشتر نمونه­های گرد و غبار دارای اندازه­های بین 15 تا 50 میکرومتر هستند.  نتایج ریزتجزیه EDX حضور فازهای کوارتز، کلسیت و کانی­های آلومینوسیلیکاته را تایید کرد.     

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Mineralogy, geochemistry and morphology of the dust storms particles in the city of Gonabad

چکیده [English]

Recently Gonabad, south of Khorasan Razavi Province,  in eastern Iran is affected by dust storm phenomena. To determine the physical and chemical characteristics of dust particles and their role in environmental pollution, 9 samples were collected for XRF, XRD, SEM and  EDX micro analysis. XRD analysis showed that most of mineralogical composition comprise tectosilicates (quartz and alkali feldspar), carbonates (calcite) and clay minerals. XRF results show that the composition of major oxides at these dust particles is similar to other dust particles in the world. Enrichment factor for measured elements show that Co, Cu, Ba ، V with EF<10 are natural and Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni with EF>10 are anthropogenic. SEM analysis shows that spherical, irregular and prismatic forms are the most important constituent shapes of the dust particles of Gonabad.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • dust particles
  • mineralogy
  • major oxides
  • Gonabad

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  • تاریخ دریافت: 21 خرداد 1396
  • تاریخ بازنگری: 08 مرداد 1396
  • تاریخ پذیرش: 01 شهریور 1396

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