Mineralogical, Geochemical and industrial use of bentonites from Ferdows, Kashmar and Ghonabad in comparison with imported activated bentonites

Bentonites from Kashmar, Gonabad and Ferdows
were studied and compared with imported types. Bentonites
have a very wide range of industrial uses. Chemical and
mineralogica l composit ion of montmo rillo nite wit hin t he
bentonite control its kind of application. Bentonites from
Kashmar have the higbest content of Cao and A120) and K20.
High expandibiity, good adhesive property a nd having high
content of Na20 indicate that Ferdows bentonites are Na-type.
Gonabad bentonites are Na-Ca-Type. Kashmar, Ferdows and
Gonabad bentonites were treated for acti vat io n. In term of
exc hangable ca t io ns, Kashmar bent o nite is compa rable with
imported activated be ntonites from China a nd Turkey .
Detemination of Ca and Na montmorionite based on the X-Ray
pattern is not very e asy. The position of the first peak of
montmorillonite we re compared with Na20 content of
bentonites. JJ the first peak of montmorillonite is more than 7.3
degree and t he Na20 co nte nt of bentonite is more than 2
percent, therefore montmorillonite is Na-type. If the first peak is
less than 7 degree and Na20 content of bentonite is less than 1.5
percent, the montmorillonite is Ca-type.